tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-42422797573569321472024-03-13T15:47:11.186-10:00Eco, Auto, Culture, Arts and EnvironmentA young person who concerns himself with Conservation, arts and humanities, environmental awareness and of course, traffic, cars.BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.comBlogger33125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-72668774912826115782012-05-23T13:50:00.001-10:002012-05-23T13:50:23.250-10:00Cinnamon & Honey: Nature's Defense Systems<a href="http://sensibiliteas.blogspot.com/2012/05/cinnamon-honey-interesting-simple-why.html?spref=bl">Thinking outside the bag ...: Cinnamon & Honey - Interesting / Simple / Why Not?...</a>: Cinnamon & Honey - Interesting / Simple / Why Not? by Weekly World News April 2012 I'll bet the drug companies won't like this one ...BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-49707904201298013522012-02-14T15:56:00.000-10:002012-02-14T15:56:35.393-10:00New Blog!!!! I've abandonded this one, thanks!!!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Hey everybody! Hope you're enjoying all the great posts about various subjects of interest. I'll be moving EVERYTHING within the next couple of weeks, so please be patient with me. Students who are using my work as secondary sources: do not panic, my new blog is located at:<br />
<br />
<a href="http://eclecticspot.wordpress.com/">eclecticspot.wordpress.com</a><a href="http://eclecticspot.wordpress.com/">eclecticspot.wordpress.com</a><br />
<br />
I've had some difficulties with the blogspot blog all of the sudden and I need this new url, so all academic writings will be the same and located on the new blog.<br />
<br />
Thanks <br />
<br />
<br />
</div>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-78607005731007001022012-02-08T10:40:00.000-10:002012-02-08T10:40:31.215-10:00The Retrofitted Kammback: The Ability to Improve MPGs<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><!--[if !mso]> <style>
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<table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 7.1pt; margin-right: 7.1pt; mso-padding-alt: .15in .15in .15in .15in; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-table-anchor-vertical: page; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-table-left: center; mso-table-lspace: 9.35pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.35pt; mso-table-top: middle; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid gray 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid gray 2.25pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 128; padding: .15in .15in .15in .15in; width: 2.9in;" width="278"> <div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: middle; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 38.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 36.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><span style="mso-fareast-language: JA;">The Retrofitted Kammback by<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>S. Johnston</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 38.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 36.0pt; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></div></td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid gray 2.25pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 128; mso-border-left-alt: solid gray 2.25pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 128; padding: .15in .15in .15in .15in; width: 3.9in;" width="374"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2rveuuhJJ6Grp7iNGsfGcFlm4cCxeDXiHn8RYVhuiIeDoInhdf7KSIjO3FH4CwAiG95OJ_utydRJU3R5xwFvLgTwU_9aCoD2Dvs__SqZtwur0rbkqenafSKANVXSxtqL2LY8VhGJwruU/s1600/IMG_0701.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2rveuuhJJ6Grp7iNGsfGcFlm4cCxeDXiHn8RYVhuiIeDoInhdf7KSIjO3FH4CwAiG95OJ_utydRJU3R5xwFvLgTwU_9aCoD2Dvs__SqZtwur0rbkqenafSKANVXSxtqL2LY8VhGJwruU/s320/IMG_0701.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: middle; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td colspan="2" style="border: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid gray 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 128; padding: .15in .15in .15in .15in; width: 295.1pt;" width="393"> <div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: middle; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">Using the design principles of aerodynamicist and auto engineer Dr. Wunibald Kamm, I was able to manufacture a retrofit version of his brainchild, the “Kammback”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In doing so, my personal vehicle experienced significant design changes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These changes contributed greatly to optimizing its efficiency and ultimately gave great insight as to Dr. Kamm’s genius.</div></td> <td style="border: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid gray 2.25pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 128; padding: .15in .15in .15in .15in; width: 194.5pt;" width="259"> <div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-anchor-vertical: page; mso-element-frame-hspace: 9.35pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: middle; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">The Ability to Improve MPGs</span></div></td> </tr>
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</div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Spencer Johnston</span></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4/10/2011</span></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Ancient Engineers HUM2930</span></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dr. George Brooks</span></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Valencia Community College, Orlando Florida </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The Retrofitted Kammback: The Ability to Improve MPGs</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Kammback is an automotive design type created by Dr. Wunibald Kamm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dr. Kamm, an automotive engineer and aerodynamicist designed the Kammback to enhance the performance and efficiency of passenger automobiles. The Kammback is an automotive design that capitalizes on the principle of aerodynamics. Automobiles have a relatively short history, beginning with the Benz Motorwagen in 1886<sup>1</sup>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aerodynamics in cars has an even shorter history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It wasn’t until engineers of the 1930s, including Dr. Wunibald Kamm of Germany, began to consider aerodynamics as an important aspect of automotive design and functionality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kamm is responsible for what is now known as the “Kammback”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This automotive design employs a smooth, tapered back that promotes positive airflow through aerodynamic principle (figure 1).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Automobiles donning a Kammback would see greater fuel economy as well as handling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After perfecting his design, the time had come for Kamm to implement it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He did so with BMW in 1948<sup>2</sup>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although several vehicles have integrated Kamm’s design throughout the years, perhaps his research has done more good conceptually than practically.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In other words, his work was not in vain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Through the work he had done, other automotive engineers learned how to further understand the benefits of aerodynamics in their designs.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Kamm’s design principles were not used broadly in the engineering of automobiles at first.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Automotive design of the 1950s and 60s was primarily focused on high-performance muscle cars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sadly, much of the accomplishments in automotive aerodynamic design fell to the wayside during this time of excess.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although widely deemed as aesthetically pleasing and fun to drive, cars such as the ’57 Chevy and the ’67 Ford Mustang did little to nothing in terms of progressing towards further efficiency.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Following the years of muscle cars, Americans experienced an oil crisis in 1973.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During this time, political pressures amounted to depleted availability of fuel for vehicles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This crisis also included incredibly high prices when scarce fuel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">was</i><span style="color: red;"> </span>available.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was the beginning of modern concern over fuel efficiency in American vehicles. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally aerodynamics would return to the forefront of automotive engineering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The new concern seemed to affect people big and small.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For instance, in 1973, General Motors introduced the “Aerovette”, which was an aerodynamically superior corvette, designed by a team of GM engineers, perhaps for the conscientious well-to-do sports car enthusiast<sup>3</sup>. An interesting tidbit is that the program for the Aerovette was shut down by John Delorean, who would later become the founder of Delorean Motor Company and the infamous Delorean DMC-12.<sup>4</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhaps he knew of his plans to build the iconic car that was featured in Back To The Future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Delorean remains a cult favorite among car enthusiasts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Myself as someone who enjoys aerodynamics found the use of rear window louvres to be a monumental plus.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In the years to come, cars were getting smaller, lighter in weight and more aerodynamic than ever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cars in the mid-1970s utilized the Kammback and similar designs from time to time, an example being the Chevrolet Vega Kammback<sup><span style="color: red;"> </span></sup>(figure 2).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Because aerodynamics plays a major role in the performance of automobiles’ fuel economy, modern engineers and designers often employ its principles in their beginning stages of work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Recently, cars, trucks, vans and even commercial applications have begun to receive treatments that are far more aerodynamic than their predecessors, which ultimately help to meet the demands of consumers who are fighting back against skyrocketing gas prices of the early 21<sup>st</sup> century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although these automobiles are moving in the right direction, there is still a significant shift towards aerodynamic design that is much needed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Perhaps the most exciting execution of aerodynamics in automobiles is found in the aftermarket.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, one is hard-pressed to find a car on the road today without a spoiler of some sort, most of which are quite obviously after thoughts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Very few of these affect gas mileage or flow very much either.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The excitement I’m referring to is a new trend referred to as “ecomodding”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Essentially, ecomodding is the modification of one’s vehicle to obtain better fuel efficiency, which in turn lessens cost of operation and the environmental impact <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">of </i>said vehicle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Last year, I purchased a used turbo diesel Volkswagen beetle in an attempt to improve my gas mileage, and ultimately, save my family money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Already, I have had great success in doing so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The car’s frugalness has saved upwards of $1400.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unfortunately, as I have done more research, I have learned that the beetle’s design, albeit cute, is flawed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I do love the appearance of the beetle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is iconic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is fun.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is aerodynamically retarded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As an efficiency nut and young student of practical engineering, I find this to be almost a paradox.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why wouldn’t they make the design of the beetle more aerodynamic?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Is this a joke?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Can’t we have it all?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">In my own personal attempt to improve my car’s gas mileage, I saw an opportunity in this assignment to construct a Kammback of my own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With the knowledge that the beetle has horrible gas mileage as it was, I knew that any improvement would go a long way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because of the car’s convex rear windshield, it was somewhat challenging to approach the merging of the car with the kammback.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I found that many materials lacked tinsel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One day during the political season, I noticed an abundance of campaign signs and thought, “those look good”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So, after the elections were over, I obtained several of the signs and began constructing the beetle’s kammback.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">When I began my experiment with constructing the kammback to attach to my car, I wasn’t as optimistic as you might expect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After visiting dozens of websites of other people like myself who were attempting to gain high mileage from the vehicles they already owned, I finally came to the conclusion that no one had done exactly this to a beetle before.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Finally, I dove right into making the thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>First, I made several measurements to ensure that the pieces were symmetrical.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Corrugated plastic, which is what these infamous signs are made from, were actually quite ideal for this project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A simple measurement marked the axis of symmetry on one of the signs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These two triangles became my sides.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I then measured the distance from the front of the would be kammback to the rear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conveniently, the signs that I used for the top of the kammback were the same length as the “triangles” I had cut from the other signs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From here, the process included using duct tape to secure the cuts together as well as to the windshield itself.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">After construction was complete, I decided the best way of testing the kammback’s performance was to take it on the highway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Typically my car averages around 42 miles per gallon on the highway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This already was a two mile per gallon improvement over the EPA’s estimate of 40.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because accuracy was important to the authenticity of my project, I fueled up and drove solely on the highway before filling up once again to get a read of my fuel efficiency. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To my amazement, the kammback provided an additional 13.5 miles per gallon, raising my highway fuel economy to 55.5 mpg.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Reflecting upon my project, I’m delighted at my results.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In spite of the extensive observations I’ve made on sites like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ecomodder.com</i>, I truly did not expect the increase in efficiency that I obtained.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is easy to underestimate human ingenuity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhaps more interesting to me is that the vast majority of drivers on the road have, in their own ways, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">over</i>estimated the efficiency in their respective vehicles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sure, today’s automobiles are engineered brilliantly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, would it bother these other people to know the difference that just a smidge of extra effort put forth on the drawing board would make in their lives?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>14 miles per gallon is semi monumental.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Considering that there are more sport utility vehicles, minivans and other large vehicles on the road today than ever, it seems as though there are more that stand to benefit from an aerodynamic design than not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For instance, a Ford Explorer averages 19 mpg on the highway according to the EPA<sup>6</sup>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">It is interesting how certain technologies have become standard in our lives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the same matter, it can be just as interesting as to why other meaningful strides in technology have not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhaps the modern design of automobiles is what we’ve been conditioned to appreciate in a car, truck or other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But from an outsider’s perspective, I’m almost positive that there is virtually no difference between an aerodynamic powerhouse (figure 3) and a Ford Taurus (figure 4).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">However, beauty is in the eye of the beholder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A prime example of this would be the western wagon wheel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because of the arduous process a wagon wheel’s design and manufacture demands, it is often regarded as a display of beauty to those who are informed about its construction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the same way, aerodynamic features of automobiles can be quite pleasing to the eye. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, a lack of understanding the function of this design often leads the public to experience “an aesthetic nightmare” (Moreira).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ah, the ignorance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before reading about it, I was ignorant of the wagon wheel’s beauty, even the beauty of these aerodynamic designs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s why being as informed as possible about the things we surround ourselves with is important.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">To some things up, I have truly learned a lot about automotive design and aerodynamics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I feel really good about these concepts and think that being informed about them is important as a consumer and as a member of society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I say a member of society because these damn cars are taking over everything.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Everyone has one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some people have two or three.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mind you these two or three aren’t getting more aerodynamic as they accumulate either!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the long run I hope that my beetle kammback will do two things:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>get me better mileage and get people thinking more about aerodynamics.</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; 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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7mcvbg84NOZoLjkJJvFREqAI4VYxzYCKescZlExNYo693kyJPfxZuzY33qvucKzFN2f227wgENRHZkiXUWc3C5h2A3upD1A8C5J7_Eghkk8MSrw_8S6Ez40M95TCWEx0Drw4UMh3Z5Eg/s1600/bmw_328_kamm_koenig_fachsenfeld_1944_prototype.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="113" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7mcvbg84NOZoLjkJJvFREqAI4VYxzYCKescZlExNYo693kyJPfxZuzY33qvucKzFN2f227wgENRHZkiXUWc3C5h2A3upD1A8C5J7_Eghkk8MSrw_8S6Ez40M95TCWEx0Drw4UMh3Z5Eg/s320/bmw_328_kamm_koenig_fachsenfeld_1944_prototype.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Figure 1: 1944 BMW 328 Kamm prototype, via bmwism.com</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
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</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvgiJpy2So7BGS0yyOTb0MVaQGR3ByPk1T0BVtstrUXI3XiGugn0xpd2TC6Wq-PCCmU2ePNLnU7sY6Pr8qR_JykfGldzCoUW2RFghX6eB9AcYwFVCfossuMmjooor5Z386DkzBwfcqLj8/s1600/VegaWagonR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvgiJpy2So7BGS0yyOTb0MVaQGR3ByPk1T0BVtstrUXI3XiGugn0xpd2TC6Wq-PCCmU2ePNLnU7sY6Pr8qR_JykfGldzCoUW2RFghX6eB9AcYwFVCfossuMmjooor5Z386DkzBwfcqLj8/s320/VegaWagonR.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Figure 2: Chevrolet Vega 2-Door Kammback, via http://expo-beauty.eu</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Figure 3: Mercedes Benz Bionic Car, via Mercedes Benz</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Figure 4:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ford Taurus, via Ford</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Works Cited:</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="http://home.arcor.de/carsten.popp/DE_00037435_A.pdf"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">benz patent-motorwagen patent DE_00037435_A.pdf (application/pdf Object)</span></a><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://homepage.mac.com/christopher.z/hobby/80-AMXitems/Information/production/KammbackStory.html"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">http://homepage.mac.com/christopher.z/hobby/80-AMXitems/Information/production/KammbackStory.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://history.gmheritagecenter.com/wiki/index.php/Aerovette"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">http://history.gmheritagecenter.com/wiki/index.php/Aerovette</span></a><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://www.deloreanmuseum.org/man.html"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">http://www.deloreanmuseum.org/man.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Back To The Future, 3 July, 1985.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088763/"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088763/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/bymake/Ford2006.shtml"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/bymake/Ford2006.shtml</span></a><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Moreira, David.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Auto-Future: Active Aerodynamics”, TheTruthAboutCars.com, January, 2009.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Other Sources of Study:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">-Traffic</span></i><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">, by Tom Vanderbilt</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">-2 Million Cars: Driving Toward Sustainability, </span></i><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">by Daniel Sperling and Deborah Gordon</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">EcoModder.com</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div></div>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-5139348192775831602012-02-04T14:50:00.000-10:002012-02-04T14:50:03.249-10:00Can Biofuels Be Sustainable?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%;">“Can Biofuels Be Sustainable?”</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> The concept of biofuels as a sustainable resource is quite possibly the most important environmental question one could ask.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A question of such complex nature deserves ample research and careful consideration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Especially subjective is the use of the word sustainable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this context, it is meant to be taken quite literally.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, it is my interpretation that quite simply:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>YES.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Biofuels CAN be sustainable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unfortunately, society demands an explanation of an ironically less utilitarian nature.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">The simple “yes” answer that I gave before can be summed up rather simply.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The question of biofuel is inferring a comparison to that of conventional means of generating mass energy, being coal, oil and natural gas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We know that eventually these nonrenewable resources will run out, leaving us feeling rather empty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, by using various forms of biofuels, we can rest assure that as long as we grow the necessary crops, our energy needs will be secure, hence, the simplistic nature of biofuels’ sustainability.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Sadly, more often than not, the definition of “sustainable” is skewed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Within the article, we are given many examples of why or how rather biofuels at this stage of the game are financially upside down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This brings up a critical issue that most novel concepts must in some way address.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am of course referring to the concept of “is this going to pay for itself?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I call it the “is this going to pay for itself?” concept because that’s what is most commonly thought of, voiced, and ultimately what makes people’s minds for them in terms of political and economic thinking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When thought of rationally, this makes very little sense.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For instance, does a sports car “pay for itself”?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why would you expect clean energy to do the same?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This absurdity lends itself nicely to the question of biofuels.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://bookstore.teriin.org/images/books/Biofuel-Cover.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="209" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">http://bookstore.teriin.org/images/books/Biofuel-Cover.jpg</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://bookstore.teriin.org/images/books/Biofuel-Cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"> Can biofuels be sustainable?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Can they be expensive?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You bet they can.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But in the long run, the sustainable nature of biofuels has less to do with economics and more to do with climate change, energy security and overall quality of life.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: left;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Climate Change</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">It is known that human activity is contributing significantly to the amount of carbon being released into the atmosphere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Technically, the rate at which this is happening as a result of our non-renewable energy use is unsustainable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Biofuels harness the power of perhaps nature’s greatest gifts, while emitting up to 80% less greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In terms of climate change, it is apparent that biofuels are the most sustainable solution to conventional woes of current industrious achievement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also of great importance to be noted is that there are little to no requirements of change on the behalf of industry itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only the fuel itself is what changes, not the machines, nor the operators used to carry out given tasks.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Climate change is certainly the skeleton of the environmental model we examine today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is the effect in cause and effect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Without consequences of this nature, perhaps we would go on using fossil fuels and other nonrenewable sources until the last drop was had.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ironically, it is climate change that has communicated many of the dangers associated with the burning of non-renewables and thus, given us more reason to seek alternatives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Energy Security</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The future of the world’s energy needs has been more than hazy over the last century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Questions about where fuel would come from to power our machines in the coming years are important ones that aren’t likely to disappear without proper research and development of biofuels. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Biofuels offer a very simple solution in the ways of energy security.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As long as its respective crops are being grown, it will continue to provide energy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is the very definition of renewable energy and in turn offers undoubtedly the most yield for the least amount of energy input as well.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In America, many believe that we have already tapped the majority of our oil reserves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Biofuels provide an alternative that perhaps America would stand to benefit from the most.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>America’s farmlands are rich and vast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If ample amounts were devoted to biofuel crops, not only would America’s energy needs be met, but they’d be met in an environmentally responsible and sustainable manner.</span></div></div>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-399984365548504042012-02-04T14:43:00.000-10:002012-02-04T14:43:02.042-10:00Librarianship<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><a href="" name="_GoBack"></a>Spencer Johnston</div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">Scholarly Journal LIS</div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">LIS 2941</div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">Seguin, Dalrymple</div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Annette Lamb and Larry Johnson have written “Bring Back the Joy”, an entry in a scholarly journal pertaining to librarianship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The purpose of this writing is to assist librarians in teaching methods through creative means.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Much of the text is pertinent to librarians in K-12 schools.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.lauracaseyinteriors.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/big-plant-in-library.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.lauracaseyinteriors.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/big-plant-in-library.jpg" width="256" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">http://www.lauracaseyinteriors.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/big-plant-in-library.jpg</td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">From the very beginning, the two authors make it be known that “creativity is declining”, especially in terms of its being utilized in an academic setting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Children and young adults undoubtedly have imaginative thought processes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ideally, this knowledge is highly applicable in a teacher or librarian’s realm.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Much of today’s concerns about the future of librarianship are focused on technology and its place in the library.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Is technology a friend or foe of the library?” is a popular question.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Bring Back the Joy” sheds positive light on the uncertainty of libraries futuristic future.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As time goes on, media consumption and computer literacy are continuing to snowball.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is not a bad thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, for the library and information science communities, it’s quite good.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lamb and Johnson offer alternatives to dry lesson plans that utilize young people’s knack for technology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This not only improves the students’ perception of the library as being dated (as I have overheard), it also appeals to the creative learning bone.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The suggestions that are made help to think outside the box.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When integrated into lessons, audio books, visual thesauruses, and animation tools serve exceptionally well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhaps most interesting to me was using “avatar generators” to help young authors envision the characters in their writings.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I understand and appreciate the holistic approach of this article.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is very similar to the book I’ve been reading entitled “Ideas for Librarians Who Teach” by Naomi Lederer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is inevitably the human aspect of integrating valuable technologies into libraries and its respective classroom environments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I feel it’s very important to keep in mind that without proper education and execution of such technological advancements, their worth as tools is virtually lost.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This reminds me of those television programs that talk about “the world without humans”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All that is left is ridiculously huge shells of buildings that no longer serve a meaningful purpose.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In summary, this particular scholarly journal entry helps to perpetuate our advancements in technology and their respective places in the library in particular.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The suggestions it offers serve two main purposes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its conventional purpose, being an aid to librarians and related staff, is relatively simplistic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, unconventionally, the article serves the library community in another complimentary and perhaps alleviating way:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>job security!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For me, it has shed new light on what has been conveyed to me as a bit of a paradox.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hopefully other students of library science will feel the same way that I do in that technology is to be used as a tool, not feared as a replacement.</span></div></div>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-66985132346848465082012-01-07T05:36:00.000-10:002012-01-07T05:36:04.766-10:00Fiat 500's eco: DRIVE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">I've seen it, you've see it. The Fiat 500 appeared in the United States early last year and has been very successful. Although it's limited fan base is primarily excluded to young people in their late 20s and early 30s, the Fiat's new "eco: DRIVE" technology makes fuel economy a transcendent characteristic for all 21st century car drivers.<br />
<br />
Check out the link: <a href="http://www.fiat.com/ecodrive/us/default.htm">http://www.fiat.com/ecodrive/us/default.htm</a><br />
<br />
Have fun saving gas! Check out some of my other blogs, in which I talk about other good stuff, which may interest you!<br />
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</div>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-90674385359880824622011-11-21T05:52:00.000-10:002011-11-21T05:52:41.388-10:00DNA Testing is New Liposuction<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">by Spencer Johnston <br />
<br />
DNA is essentially the voluminous instruction manual for the genetic material of animals. So, it makes sense that skipping to the ending or the good parts could be tempting, confusing and perhaps most importantly, misleading.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.imaginationstationtoledo.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/dna-300.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.imaginationstationtoledo.org/content/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/dna-300.jpg" /></a></div><br />
Genetic testing is attractive to the field of science as well as individuals for a number of reasons. For scientists, it's kind of like the holy grail. Being able to pin down such biologically important information is powerful and would no doubt create instant success for those professionals involved. Because of the revealing aspects of genetic testing concerning one's present and future health concerns, many individuals yearn for their respective results.<br />
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While this all seems very intriguing, the science of DNA testing is a bit more cloudy than clear. The technology can be very useful to individuals with a greater hereditary risk of certain diseases and health problems, through indications of genetic alterations. "However, a genetic alteration might only indicate susceptibility to or a high risk of developing a disease, but not the certainty of having it" (Di Pietro, Giuli, Spagnolo). So, DNA tests can be inaccurate in terms of predicting one's future health concerns, which is the primary reason for their existence.<br />
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Because the decision to market the at-home versions has largely been retracted, serious problems have been avoided. For instance, if such inaccuracies are present in an actual laboratory, without the presence of doctors and medical professionals, the results would close to worthless in terms of accuracy. "Human error will almost certainly be a contributor<br />
to such undesirable outcomes" (R. Latino).<br />
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Ethically speaking, much of the world is strictly divided on the issue of DNA testing. Personally, I feel as though traditional medicine is perfectly capable of detecting health risks and concerns as long as the respective individual does what's necessary to stay informed about their health. Personal responsibility is by far the most important factor in lifestyle and related health concerns. There is perhaps a correlation between those that are unwilling to care for themselves and those who see DNA testing as a feasible alternative to periodical medical checkups; a sort of one time fix-all.<br />
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In short, I'm not interested in such technology as a means of understanding my future health concerns. Human life is a finite, mixed bag of experiences that are unique to all life forms. While the debate as to whether or not human life is more valuable than that of other animals and living things is as strong as ever among religion, science and human rights arenas, there is no doubt in my mind that there is something special going on inside of each and every one of us. Because we have the ability to produce outstanding technology is not reason enough to exploit it. In this way, I would relate DNA testing to fracture drilling. The decision by private companies and coercing from the FDA have ultimately amounted to the de-utilization of this technology and the downward spiral that would inevitably ensue following its widespread adoption. <br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Reference</span>:<br />
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Di Pietro, M.L., Giuli, A., Spagnolo, A.G. "Ethical implications of predictive DNA testing<br />
for hereditary breast cancer". Catholic University of the Sacred Heart. Rome, Italy. 2004. http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/suppl_1/i65.full.pdf<br />
<br />
Latino, Robert J. "Cost & Truths of Human Error". Hopewell, Virginia. January, 2008. http://www.reliability.com/healthcare/articleshcp/jan_08_Cost%20and%20Truths%20of%20Human%20Error.pdf <br />
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image: www.imaginationstationtoledo.org<br />
</div>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-88159867693287668672011-11-18T15:37:00.000-10:002011-11-18T15:37:09.057-10:00The Albin Polasek Museum & Sculpture Gardens<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Polasek Museum</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">An essay by Spencer B. Johnston</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">I had never been to the Polasek Museum, even though I live within a few short blocks of it.<span> </span>In fact, I drive past its entrance several times a day since I moved to Winter Park, Florida a year ago.<span> </span>In all that time, I never even noticed the sign!<span> </span>However, one day that all changed when I was watching television.<span> </span>An older gentleman appeared on <i>Antiques</i> <i>Roadshow </i>with a pretty impressive bust of a child.<span> </span>He explained that his parents had been friends with a talented artist named Polasek.<span> </span>As a gift to the then young boy’s parents, he sculpted a magnificent bust of the young man.<span> </span>When the art appraiser began to tell about Polasek, he didn’t hesitate to mention the artist’s retirement home of Winter Park, Florida.<span> </span>It was a natural choice for me to visit the Polasek Museum when I learned of this assignment and I relished in an excuse to get out and enjoy a cultural experience practically in my wife and I’s own backyard.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">Upon entering the museum’s meticulously landscaped grounds, I was greeted by a sign informing me that a special gallery was on display featuring local artists’ work.<span> </span>The event was dubbed <i>The Winter Park Paint Out.<span> </span></i>The entire gallery was landscape portraits with acrylics on canvas.<span> </span>Appropriately enough, the dazzling visual art paid homage entirely to The Polasek Museum’s outer courtyard and I soon discovered that the only thing that could compare to the vibrant colors’ pop inside the building was their inspiration outside.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">My favorite of these locally painted pieces included Jackie Schindehette’s “Wasserman Pond”, which depicts familiarly mysterious brush alongside the body of water.<span> </span>This painting represents a fear of the unknown that I frequently experience on outings to Rock Springs, the beach or virtually anywhere that could have critters lurking around.<span> </span>Linda Blondheims “Vegetable Garden” contains vibrant colors that aren’t traditionally found in nature (until you walk outside to see the beautiful scene in person).<span> </span>Elisabeth Farber’s “Park and Morse” is a vision of citizens of Winter Park’s culture, as well as many of our daily downtown traffic commutes.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">The visual representation of The Polasek Museum’s outdoor area on canvas is pretty amazing.<span> </span>But, for me there was nothing like being there and experiencing it first-hand.<span> </span>Down the winding sidewalks and trails of the lakefront property is a collection of rare and beautiful flowers, plants, cacti and just like the painting, there’s even a real vegetable garden.<span> </span>It’s unclear to me whether or not this was strictly ornamental or not, but it’s nice to know that if the volunteer staff at the museum ever have to work through lunch, a not-too-bad substitute is only a stone’s throw away.<span> </span>I was very impressed by many plants I’ve never seen, and I consider myself a plant savvy person.<span> </span>It seemed really neat to ‘grow’ art, rather than to create it.<span> </span>I feel like that was a great way to expand by speaking to a broader audience.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">Intertwined in flawless landscaping, Polasek’s better known sculptures chicken pox the area, pleasantly blending the worlds of classical style sculpture art and nature.<span> </span>It became known to me early on that Polasek was a devoted man of God.<span> </span>When I entered the museum, one of the first things I noticed was a mosaic floor pattern meant to resemble stained glass.<span> </span>The theme then continued in his sculptures and even in relief sculptures along a garden wall.<span> </span>These in particular were notably reminders of “The Human Spirit”.<span> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">Many of the artist’s sculptures are made of bronze, which weathers well in my opinion.<span> </span>Of these, “SVANTOVIT”, (1933) a brute Viking on his distinguished horse, was my favorite.<span> </span>Others, like “King Under the Sea”, is made entirely of concrete.<span> </span>Depicting a giant half man, half sea creature, this fountain piece is an intricate part of the Museum’s koi pond.<span> </span>Agile for his size, the massive figure gently cradles two fish who playfully emit a steady bath of water onto the koi below.<span> </span>Appropriately, “Man Carving His Own Destiny”, is made of limestone.<span> </span>George, a volunteer at the Polasek Museum tells me that this was the artist’s lifework.<span> </span>The use of limestone radiates to me.<span> </span>From the Pyramids at Giza, to Polasek’s life work, limestone is typically used when the artist or creator wants to convey great importance and permanence.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">Although the artist Albin Polasek is no longer gracing Winter Park’s artists’ community with his talented hands and mind, his legacy lives on today.<span> </span>Through his art, he continues to help shape a community he once called home.<span> </span>The staff and volunteers at The Polasek Museum have done a magnificent job of keeping up the national historic site.<span> </span>It is truly a celebration of the human spirit.<span style="color: red;"></span></div></div>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-90688330169897881642011-11-18T14:50:00.000-10:002011-11-18T14:50:20.982-10:00The Library of Ancient Alexandria<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
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</tbody></table><span style="color: #eeece1; font-size: 48pt;">The Library of Ancient Alexandria</span><br />
<div class="MsoTitle"><span style="color: #eeece1; font-size: 48pt;"> <span style="font-size: small;">by Spencer B. Johnston</span></span><span style="color: #eeece1; font-size: 48pt;"></span></div></div></td> </tr>
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<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Spencer Johnston</span></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Western Civilization I</span></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">HIS 1101-XTIB</span></div><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dr. Robert Kane, Troy University</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 200%;">The Library of Ancient Alexandria</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The Library of Alexandria was the apex of intellect during the time of its use in Ancient Hellenistic Egypt. Built by Ptolemy I Soter in 307 B.C.E., the library was an addition that helped to solidify the advancement of knowledge and education set forth by Alexander the Great. Alexander knew that the basis for greatness was deeply embedded in education. In fact, his “personal tutor was Aristotle, one of the most influential philosophers in all of Western thought” (Pollard, 2006). The will of Alexander the Great came to great fruition in “what was to become [a] great ‘megalopolis’ of the Hellenistic world” (Empereur, 1998). The achievements of the library’s scholars and patrons are widely considered to be invaluable and are as important today as they were revolutionary in their time of novelty.<br />
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Although the Library of Alexandria was not the first library or collection of scrolls in known history, it has become known among much of the academic world as the “</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">most famous of the ancient collections of scrolls</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">” (World Book). Home to over 700,000 writings, the library was a bustling place for people who had a desire to learn, study, write, and perhaps above all- read. As one would have guessed, the books we know and love today are made in a much different fashion than the scrolls used in Alexandria. The papyrus reed, which was plentiful along the basin of the Nile in Lower Egypt, was very important to the Greco-Egyptian library's success. A precursor to the modern use of paper, it is known that the word paper itself is derived from Papyri (Van Minnen, 1995).<span style="color: red;"> </span>The papyrus scrolls made storing, transporting and ultimately reading much easier compared to clay tablets used in other regions. This method of writing was eventually made standard and spread to the rest of the Hellenistic world as well. Ultimately, the papyrus scroll later evolved into what we know as the modern bound book. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The library's main function of inducing literacy upon its population seemed to be working quite well. Up to this point in Greek history, much of its traditions and knowledge had been passed down or taught through speech. The ability to write and read, allowed one to learn alone, or perhaps more importantly to reference information. Writing on scrolls also lent to the (somewhat) permanence of information, which in turn fueled, the ultimate: The spreading of information and thus, knowledge.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">An important aspect of the Library of Alexandria is its ability to function as a museum. Today, we tend to think of a museum as a place to quietly observe precious and valuable art of one form or another. However, during the time of the library, the term museum was given to a space that would act as a “muse” (University College London, 2003) for scholars, inventors and engineers. It was the hope of Ptolemy I Soter that the library's museum would grant the ideal environment for Alexandria's greatest minds. His goal was beginning to become a reality when he finished the museum “in 307 BC” (Scaruffi, 1999). At this crucial point, much of what was left to accomplish was left to the flourishing community of scholars of Alexandria.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The support given by the statesmen and rulers of Alexandria to the academic arena was certainly at its height following the completion of the library’s museum. In spite of Alexander the Great’s untimely death in 323 BC (Vrettos, 2001), his grand vision of all that Alexandria could aspire to be was coming to fruition. Ptolemy I Soter continued to expand “incentives” and “royal support for intellectuals…to provide an endowment” (Watts, 2006) for the growing institution.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Because proper measures had been taken to ensure the patron ship of the library and museum of Alexandria, scholars and researchers took to the great facility like moths to a flame. This ensured the unique cerebral communal experience that Hellenistic Alexandria experienced. Many accomplishments by the intellectual and scholarly spheres had been largely limited to isolated events, individuals and times. In spite of the fact that a large number of great minds, artisans, and creators had indeed preceded the library, they had done so in stride alongside other achievements that demanded as much if not more emphasis, in terms of importance to the majority of their respective populous. It makes sense that this esteem took time to develop in the ancient world. A significant part of everyday life was devoted to labor and trade that ensured basic needs being met. For many, these were the driving forces for which they were compelled to see through. Similar to woes of people in the world today, the arduous nature of meeting one’s basic needs can be a hindrance to potential intellectual contributions. Putting it simply, the endowment for scholarship at the Library of Alexandria enabled multi-disciplined researchers and students to devote all of their being to their studies. Although it would not be firmly footed in the intellectual world until the mid-1940s,<span style="color: red;"> </span>it seemed as though Ptolemy Soter I and other important leaders of Alexandria were familiar with Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. According to Maslow’s theory, once an individual or society’s basic needs have been met, such as food, water and shelter, we’re then able to strive towards less immediate and more cerebral goals, like those of the researchers at Alexandria. By assisting the researchers, Ptolemy and others were meeting their basic needs, thus enabling them to realize their true potential.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Although the works of individual scholars at the library of Alexandria were often quite staggering, in terms of importance to the liberal arts movement to precede them, it was the shift of communal focus that was perhaps the most important contribution made during the time. One would come to this conclusion because furthering the spread of knowledge and practice was extremely evident in the library’s successes. The most honest value of the practices of the scholars of Alexandria was not to be realized for some time. Academic glory is sadly, but arguably necessarily delayed, given the rigors of intellectual proving grounds traveled by theories, ideas and studies. Pillars of modern education are founded in part by the fruits of their labor.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> The scholars of the Library of Alexandria include Euclid-the founder of geometric studies, Eratosthenes-who created modern geography, Herophilus-who studied anatomical medicine, Archimedes-engineer and astronomer, Heron-an engineer and inventor, and finally, Callimachas-“introduced…a library classification system” (Pollard, 2006). As mentioned before, the large number of scholars who studied and researched at the library is difficult to negotiate. While, many more are well-known for their contributions to similar disciplines, the names and given areas of expertise offered here perhaps outweigh that of their peers.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Euclid “belonged to the persuasion of and was at home in this philosophy” (Cuomo, 2000). His masterpiece was titled <i>The Elements, </i>a work that’s usefulness in the discipline of math has sustained for nearly 2500 years. <i>Euclid’s</i> writings on geometry are not only pertinent in high schools around the world. In fact, its principles are devout in one of the most important frontiers of our time, harvesting solar energy. ”Geometry is used in surveying and in positioning solar arrays to capture the most sunlight at a given location” (London, 2011). Ironically, solar cells have also helped to propel math classrooms forward as well. A great number of calculators utilize the cells, which can augment battery life, or in most cases omits the need for batteries altogether.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Eratosthenes was another mathematical figure of great significance in Alexandria. He is widely considered “an expert in mathematics and astronomy” (University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 2003), which ultimately resulted in the culmination of his life’s biggest accomplishment: the measurement of the circumference of the earth. Like Euclid, Eratosthenes’ proficiencies in mathematics led to the study of geography. He has been credited as the first person to use the word geography. It’s been written that he “relied…on the immense resources available in the Library at Alexandria.” (Wilson, 2006). Thankfully for future generations of explorers, surveyors, teachers, students, armies, landowners, migrators and travelers, the work of Eratosthenes has been implemented all over the world. Ultimately, his work has been a breakthrough that continues to aid sectors of multiple disciplines.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Herophilus was a researcher and master teacher of human anatomy, biology and medicine. Similar to the way we test hypotheses and theories in science today, “The Herophilean school…always remained open to changes in emphasis, to doctrinal shifts, and to radical revisions” (Von Staden, 1989). One is inclined to believe this demeanor of Herophilus and his school, as this is professional and purely academic approach is likely indicative of his acute intelligence. He took a great number of cues from his predecessor, Hippocrates, who is regarded as “the father of medicine” (Advameg Inc., 2011). Today, we owe much of our practical knowledge of medicine and anatomy to the Herophilean School.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Heron, or Hero, as he has become known, was a brilliant inventor. His life’s work was made up of many very important feats of engineering. For religious ceremonies and offerings, Heron was commissioned to design the world’s first automatic doors, prophetic automata, and wealth-acquiring, coin-operated machines. Above all others was “his most famous invention, the aeolipile, the first steam-powered engine” (Britannica Educational Publishing, 2010). Unfortunately, the potential of the steam engine wasn’t realized until well into the modern industrial revolution. This has left many scholars puzzled, but still very much in awe of Heron. One is left to wonder what could have been if Heron had been aware of his steam-powered engine’s capabilities.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Archimedes is one of the most famous figures of the ancient world. As a student in Alexandria, he studied mathematics, astronomy and engineering. Archimedes has been credited as coining the phrase, “Eureka!” during a moment of epiphany while working. Perhaps his most famous feat of engineering was a giant water-lifting device that became known as “the Archimedes screw”. This device was “</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">used to lift water to higher levels</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">” (Kenyon College), which ultimately aided the development of civil engineering to reach new heights in itself. Communities and civilizations would look continuously to advancements similar to this to improve their quality of lives indefinitely. In fact, the Archimedes screw is still used in parts of the modern world. It remains “a preferred way to irrigate agricultural fields without electrical pumps.” (Business of Patents, 2008-2011).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Callimachus was a poet and another “man of great learning” (Vrettos, 2001). His literary works are the subject of sustaining study and criticism, contributing greatly to the discipline of language arts. His poetry has been described as “marvelous and prophetic” (Vrettos, 2001)<span style="color: red;">. </span>After establishing a renowned reputation for writing, Callimachus began gathering steam in another scholarly discipline while at the Library of Alexandria; the art of library science. The organizational skills he developed in the library became a significant addition to the functionality of the facility itself. Soon, the work of Callimachus’ new found calling resulted in his being named “the father of library science” (Almond, 2004).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The Library of Alexandria was a source of great intellectual achievement and substance. Without its prolific existence, the accomplishments of the western world would be significantly different and frankly, less colorful. The cultural tone set by Alexander the Great was one that hailed education, often above all else. The endowment set forth by his predecessors to the library and its institutions has sustained a domino-effect of important human achievements that remains even today. The lessons we study in today’s classrooms often led us down a path that ends on the steps of the Library of Alexandria. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
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</div><h1>Works Cited<span style="color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"></span></h1><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Advameg Inc. (2011). <i>Hippocrates.</i> Retrieved July 22, 2011, from Medical Discoveries: http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/General-Information-and-Biographies/Hippocrates.html</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">"Alexandrian Library". <i>World Book Online InfoFinder.</i> World Book, 2011. Web. 15 July 2011.</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Almond, B. (2004, June 30). <i>Fondren's Henry explores challenges for new Library of Alexandria .</i> Retrieved July 22, 2011, from Rice University News: http://www.media.rice.edu/media/NewsBot.asp?MODE=VIEW&ID=4617&SnI=2</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Britannica Educational Publishing. (2010). <i>The 100 Most Influential Inventors of All Time.</i> New York: Britannica Educational Publishing.</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Business of Patents. (2008-2011). <i>Archimedes Inventions.</i> Retrieved July 22, 2011, from Business of Patents: http://www.the-business-of-patents.com/archimedes-inventions.html</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Channel, T. H. (Director). (2007). <i>Ancient Discoveries: The Library of Alexandria</i> [Motion Picture].</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Cuomo, S. (2000). <i>Pappus of Alexandria and the Mathematics of Late Antiquity.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Empereur, J.-Y. (1998). <i>Alexandria Rediscovered.</i> New York: George Braziller Publishing.</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Kenyon College. (n.d.). <i>Archimedes Screw.</i> Retrieved July 22, 2011, from Kenyon College, Physics Department: http://physics.kenyon.edu/EarlyApparatus/Fluids/Archimedes_Screw/Archimedes_Screw.html</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">London, J. (2011, May 26). <i>Interesting Facts About Euclidean Geometry.</i> Retrieved July 22, 2011, from eHow Family: http://www.ehow.com/info_8494672_interesting-euclidean-geometry.html</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. <i>Psychological Review Magazine Issue 50</i>, pp. 370-396.</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">PBS (Director). (1980). <i>Cosmos Episode 1: The Shores of the Cosmic Ocean</i> [Motion Picture].</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Pollard, J. (2006). <i>The Rise and Fall of Alexandria, Birthplace of the Modern Mind.</i> New York: Viking Penguin Publishing.</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Scaruffi, P. (1999). <i>A Time-Line of the Ancient Egyptians.</i> Retrieved July 2011, from Scaruffi.com: http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/egyptian.html</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">University College London. (2003). <i>Hellenistic Egypt: The Alexandria Museum.</i> Retrieved July 22, 2011, from University College London: http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/museum/museum3.html</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">University of Nevada, Las Vegas. (2003). <i>Eratosthenes, The Philosopher.</i> Retrieved July 2011, from UNLV Howard R. Hughes College of Engineering: http://www.egr.unlv.edu/~larmore/Courses/CSC269/S03/Assignments/philosopher.html</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Van Minnen, P. (1995, December 8). <i>Writing in Egypt Under Greek and Roman Rule.</i> Retrieved July 22, 2011, from http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/papyrus/texts/rule.html</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Von Staden, H. (1989). <i>Herophilus: The Art of Medicine in Early Alexandria.</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Vrettos, T. (2001). <i>Alexandria: City of the Western Mind.</i> New York: Free Press Publishing.</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Watts, E. J. (2006). <i>City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria.</i> Retrieved July 22, 2011, from University of California Press: http://hdl.handle.net.libproxy.troy.edu/2027/heb.07953.0001.001</div><div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in;">Wilson, N. G. (2006). <i>Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece.</i> London: Taylor & Francis Group.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div></div>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-40091687278848682102011-08-23T16:05:00.000-10:002011-08-23T16:05:10.381-10:00Ecomodder Threads<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">I've been creating some pretty interesting threads about ecomodding, which is sweeping the nation, really.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://ecomodder.com/forum/search.php?searchid=1010857">here</a> they are.<br />
<br />
Let me know what you think!<br />
<br />
There was another episode of <a href="http://www.wetv.com/shows/downsized">Downsized</a>. These people are the reason the economy is in the crapper this side of Atlantic. Their family likes to piss away money on bullshit they don't need. Ha! It's funny, though.</div>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-63287385579564202662011-08-23T15:32:00.001-10:002011-08-23T15:36:33.621-10:00Tata Motors and The Environment<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Recently, all the buzz has been about <a href="http://www.google.com/#hl=en&cp=8&gs_id=l&xhr=t&q=tata+motors&qe=dGF0YSBtb3Q&qesig=KVXWpo4uQMpwu3j4kmkEsg&pkc=AFgZ2tmYcLUXQC-0Vxmh4jAYdG2bVgPLP_Qd8v_D11dQ7MCrt6t2uCiCe5OHg46OajwTQVR9TnvObOFyjGS3iEVqGs-gdwdN0Q&pf=p&sclient=psy&safe=off&site=&source=hp&pbx=1&oq=tata+mot&aq=0&aqi=g5&aql=&gs_sm=&gs_upl=&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&fp=a4928e5e8a1fad2e&biw=1024&bih=429">Tata Motors</a>. I'm really happy about the tiny car's successes in India and abroad. In fact, they're empire, as I like to call it, has spread to much of the European Union's main industrial ports. Because it's main headquarters and operations are in India, operations with African Nations and Asian Markets are a natural fit for the budding international car company.<br />
<br />
Their website discusses commitment to recycling and the environment. Check it out! Subaru is also a great Automaker who is committed to the environment.<br />
<br />
In addition to being frugal on fuel, the Nano...<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmsVVE-LXJ5Ndk4kszbCfKqHALRhDnroiQI7lUr7DsF4jt3-V3pcuA8k7NQ_ETl6a8ji_ztbZNU5tHb0Armj0pGR7lINzXjC7Y_SU3dKUq7At9Ipl2ZzjOu3OsUSJNjozeEtMaU9xpOxQ/s1600/220px-Tata_Nano_Std.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmsVVE-LXJ5Ndk4kszbCfKqHALRhDnroiQI7lUr7DsF4jt3-V3pcuA8k7NQ_ETl6a8ji_ztbZNU5tHb0Armj0pGR7lINzXjC7Y_SU3dKUq7At9Ipl2ZzjOu3OsUSJNjozeEtMaU9xpOxQ/s1600/220px-Tata_Nano_Std.JPG" /></a></div>Doesn't cost much either. A high-end model is around US$4500. Of course, who in the hell knows about importing cars, anymore!<br />
<br />
<br />
That reminds me of that book I read again,<br />
<br />
<br />
<iframe align="left" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?t=ecoautculart-20&o=1&p=8&l=bpl&asins=0809098954&fc1=000000&IS2=1&lt1=_blank&m=amazon&lc1=0000FF&bc1=000000&bg1=FFFFFF&f=ifr" style="height: 245px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 5px; width: 131px;"></iframe><br />
<br />
I'd definitely be interested in buying one if anyone began to import them. Beautiful, just beautiful, they are!<br />
<br />
Yes, the Tata Nano averages 55.5 mpg according to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Nano">Wikipedia</a>. These estimates done by agencies are always such bad drivers, too. I find that I can easily get pretty good gas mileage out of <a href="http://www.fuelly.com/driver/dieseldozier/beetle">my car</a>.<br />
<br />
Check it out here:<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.fuelly.com/driver/DieselDozier/beetle" target="_blank"><img alt="Fuelly" border="0" height="63" src="http://mefi.us/images/fuelly/sig-us/34962.png" title="Share and compare MPG at Fuelly" width="500" /></a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.fuelly.com/driver/DieselDozier/beetle" target="_blank"><img alt="Fuelly" border="0" height="63" src="http://mefi.us/images/fuelly/sig-uk/34962.png" title="Share and compare MPG at Fuelly" width="500" /></a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.fuelly.com/driver/DieselDozier/beetle" target="_blank"><img alt="Fuelly" border="0" height="63" src="http://mefi.us/images/fuelly/sig-metric/34962.png" title="Share and compare MPG at Fuelly" width="500" /></a><br />
<br />
Enjoy.</div>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-21478699316662386162011-08-19T16:38:00.000-10:002011-08-19T16:38:33.709-10:00Fixing Your Old Car or Buying a New One<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h1>Should you fix that old car or buy a new one? </h1><div id="story-body-parent"> <span class="toolSet" style="width: auto;"> <div id="story-body-text">by Stephen Cole Smith, Automotive Column, Orlando Sentinel<br />
<div class="articlerail"> <div id="story-leftrail-ad"> <noscript><a target="_blank" href="http://ad.doubleclick.net/click%3Bh%3Dv8/3b69/3/0/%2a/c%3B228490860%3B0-0%3B0%3B12928195%3B4-234/60%3B38182213/38199970/1%3Bu%3Dhttp%3A//www.orlandosentinel.com/news/local/wsfl-car-fix-new-sotry%2C0%2C2802240.column%3B%7Eokv%3D%3B%3Bptype%3Ds%3Bslug%3Dwsfl-car-fix-new-sotry%3Brg%3Dur%3Bpos%3D2%3Bsz%3D234x60%3Btile%3D2%3Bca%3DServicesandShopping%3Ben%3DMercedesBenz%3Bat%3DServicesandShopping%3Bat%3DVehicles%3Bat%3DPassengerCars%3Bat%3DAutomotiveEquipment%3Bat%3DMercedesBenz%3Bu%3Dhttp%3A//www.orlandosentinel.com/news/local/wsfl-car-fix-new-sotry%2C0%2C2802240.column%3B%7Eaopt%3D2/1/930a/1%3B%7Esscs%3D%3fhttp://www.orlandosentinel.com/services/newsletters/"><img src="http://s0.2mdn.net/1168904/pid9675_os_lotto_234x60.jpg" border="0" alt="" ></a></noscript> <noscript><a href="http://ad.doubleclick.net/jump/trb.orlandosentinel/news/local;;ptype=s;slug=wsfl-car-fix-new-sotry;rg=ur;pos=2;sz=234x60;tile=2;ca=ServicesandShopping;en=MercedesBenz;at=ServicesandShopping;at=Vehicles;at=PassengerCars;at=AutomotiveEquipment;at=MercedesBenz;u=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/local/wsfl-car-fix-new-sotry,0,2802240.column;ord=19453164?" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><img src="http://ad.doubleclick.net/ad/trb.orlandosentinel/news/local;;ptype=s;slug=wsfl-car-fix-new-sotry;rg=ur;pos=2;sz=234x60;tile=2;ca=ServicesandShopping;en=MercedesBenz;at=ServicesandShopping;at=Vehicles;at=PassengerCars;at=AutomotiveEquipment;at=MercedesBenz;u=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/local/wsfl-car-fix-new-sotry,0,2802240.column;ord=19453164?" width="234" height="60" border="0" alt=""></a></noscript> </div><div class="articleRelates module"><ul><li class="viewMore"> <ul><li id="extraTopics" style="display: none;"> <div class="closeBox">X</div><div class="relatedExtraItem"> <div class="clearfix"> <a class="" href="http://www.orlandosentinel.com/topic/services-shopping/vehicles/makes-models/mercedes-benz-prdcrmk28.topic" title="Mercedes-Benz"> Mercedes-Benz </a> </div></div></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></div><div class="googleAd"> </div></div>How do you know when it's time to move on? With people, it's tough. And with your car, it isn't much easier.<br />
<br />
Accountants might disagree: They'd suggest that it's time to part with the vehicle you're driving when it ceases being an asset and becomes a liability. True, but it can be challenging to know when that happens. Asset on Monday, liability on Tuesday?<br />
<br />
<div class="left" id="article-promo"> <hr class="hr-promo" /> <a href="http://www.orlandosentinel.com/videogallery/64095848/News/Raw-video-Horrific-crash-kills-adult-teen-near-Holden-Heights#gl-0?track=orl-mark-news-embed-video-horrific-crash-kills-teen-adult" id="articlePromoLink" target=""> <b>Raw video: 'Horrific crash' kills adult, teen near Holden Heights</b> </a> <hr class="hr-promo" /> </div><br />
Sometimes it is that easy. A friend owned an older <a class="taxInlineTagLink" href="http://www.orlandosentinel.com/topic/services-shopping/vehicles/makes-models/mercedes-benz-prdcrmk28.topic" id="prdcrmk28" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a> diesel sedan. One day it stopped running. He was late for a meeting and ignored a light on the dashboard that was trying to alert him to a problem with the cooling system. The engine was fried and would cost $4,500 to repair. The car was worth $5,000.<br />
<br />
It had gone from asset to liability in 30 seconds. The unpleasant decision was easy to make: On the outside, the car looked fine, but he had totaled it as surely as if he had crashed into a wall. His Mercedes was sold for parts. The good news: He'll never ignore a warning light again.<br />
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Usually, though, it isn't that definitive. Over a year, you may spend $4,500 fixing your $5,000 car, but when it doesn't happen all at once, it can be hard to know when you've reached the point of diminishing returns. Will another $200 fix it for good? Another $500?<br />
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The first thing to do is determine a value for your vehicle. You can check Web sites such as Kelly Blue Book (kbb.com) and Edmunds.com, and follow the steps there to determine what your car or truck is worth. You can also check AutoTrader.com, and check asking prices for vehicles like yours. If you know what your vehicle is worth, it's easier to determine how much you might be willing to spend to keep it running.<br />
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Then, you have to decide how attached you are. Do you have an emotional connection that can justify spending more on your car than it's worth? It's nothing to be ashamed of if you do — several times I've spent more on a car than I should because I really liked it — just so long as you know you are going above and beyond whatever solid business case you can make for keeping a vehicle that most others might have abandoned.<br />
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Next, place a value on reliability. Are there other cars in the family available to drive if yours isn't running? Is mass transit an option? If not, and you must have a vehicle that starts every time you turn the key, then it maybe it's mandatory that you move on to a newer vehicle.<br />
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And finally, know what you owe. As the value of new vehicles plummets, thanks to all the incentives being placed on them, the value of your model may drop, too. A study released last week listed dozens of vehicles that actually cost less now than they did a year ago, meaning that if you bought that model then, and have been making payments on it since, you could still owe more than a brand-new one costs now.<br />
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In the car business, owing more than your car is worth is called being "upside down," and if that's the case, your only choice may be to hang onto the vehicle until you've finally paid it down to the point where it won't cost you cash to just get rid of it.<br />
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"In 15 years in the business," a dealer told me, "I've never, ever seen so many people upside-down on their cars."<br />
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So here is your checklist for deciding whether or not it's time to trade:<br />
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•What is my vehicle worth?<br />
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•What, if anything, do I owe on it?<br />
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•How attached am I to it?<br />
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•How important to me is day-in, day-out reliability?<br />
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•How much am I willing to spend to maintain a car to a satisfactory level?<br />
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•If I make the repairs needed, will it actually enhance the value of the car?<br />
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Only you know whether the numbers add up in your car's favor, or suggest that it's time to move on.<br />
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No hard feelings, OK? We'll always have Paris.<br />
<br />
Sentinel Automotive Editor Steven Cole Smith can be reached at <a href="mailto:scsmith@orlandosentinel.com">scsmith@orlandosentinel.com</a>, at 407-420-5699, or through his blog at Enginehead.com. </div><div class="byline" style="max-width: 343px;"> <span class="byline bordered">Steven Cole Smith</span> <span class="titleline">AUTOMOTIVE</span></div></span> </div><div class="clearfix" id="subFooter"> <div class="copyright">Copyright © 2011, <a href="http://www.southflorida.com/">SFL-TV</a></div><div class="clearfix" id="tugsRating"> <span id="rateMarket">wsfl-car-fix-new-sotry</span> <div class="rating" id="rating_1" style="display: block; height: 20px;"><img class="off" id="star_1_1" src="http://www.orlandosentinel.com/hive/images/ratings/rating_off.jpg" /><img class="off" id="star_1_2" src="http://www.orlandosentinel.com/hive/images/ratings/rating_off.jpg" /><img class="off" id="star_1_3" src="http://www.orlandosentinel.com/hive/images/ratings/rating_off.jpg" /><img class="off" id="star_1_4" src="http://www.orlandosentinel.com/hive/images/ratings/rating_off.jpg" /><img class="off" id="star_1_5" src="http://www.orlandosentinel.com/hive/images/ratings/rating_off.jpg" /></div></div></div></div>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-68653739921638152972011-08-18T05:51:00.000-10:002011-08-18T05:51:19.560-10:00Study Shows Green Driving on Rise<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="blogentry"> <h1 class="blogheadline" id="002417">Driving America in the right direction</h1><div class="author"> Erin Craig | July 28, 2011 </div><h2 class="excerpt">Eco-driving index shows erratic progress, but progress nonetheless.</h2><div class="clearall"> </div>I’ve <a href="http://www.terrapass.com/blog/posts/behavior-modification-its-a-tricky-thing">commented before</a> about a dilemma produced by fuel-efficient cars: they emit less per mile, but also make it less expensive to drive… creating a countervailing incentive to drive more than you might have in a gas guzzler.<br />
<br />
Therefore I was happy to discover that the University of Michigan has been tracking and amalgamating the greenhouse gas emissions effects of both the emissions profile of new cars for sale, and the average number of miles driven on a monthly basis. They call the resulting trendline the “<a href="http://www.umich.edu/%7Eumtriswt/ecodriving.html">Eco-Driving Index</a>.” They’ve been tracking it since 2007, when the EPA revamped its new-car fuel economy calculation methods.<br />
Here’s what the trend looks like:<br />
<img alt="Driving_stats_420.jpg" class="mt-image-center" height="300" src="http://www.terrapass.com/images/blogposts/newsletter/Driving_stats_420.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0pt auto 20px; text-align: center;" width="420" /><br />
<br />
All the data is normalized to 2007, so if we were driving exactly the same distance, and new cars emitted exactly the same per mile today as in 2007, the index would be “1.00.” <br />
As you can see, both “miles driven” and “fuel used per distance driven” have dropped, albeit not consistently. Still, drivers who bought a new car in May 2011 would, on average, emit 16% fewer greenhouse gases than drivers who bought new cars in October 2007.<br />
<br />
My two conclusions: First, this is great. I’m glad to see that we haven’t gobbled up all our efficiencies by increasing our driving. Second, it’s clear that the bulk of the improvement comes from more efficient cars, not driving less. That’s the lever we have to continually adjust downward at a policy level.<br />
<br />
You can find more details on the calculation method <a href="http://www.umich.edu/%7Eumtriswt/EDI_calculation.html">here</a>.<br />
<a href="" name="002417more"></a> <div class="attrib"><br />
</div><div class="attrib">Image by <a href="http://www.umich.edu/%7Eumtriswt/PDF/EDI_May-2011.pdf">University of Michigan</a>.</div><div class="attrib"><br />
</div><div class="attrib"><br />
</div></div></div>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-72155913165536423182011-07-29T09:00:00.000-10:002011-07-29T09:00:54.378-10:00Horrendus fungus among us.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB8K9gQrT609CSIeXg0hnxL5vfDbP0QqjCAwzvkTtf8PCT3GmcDrrFcI5vKPjvNOqsazjuPjTLsXkJfHMn-BBXy1Y3Fy4soh4vfxOORofDw0B3QWdw_m28Hj69QGoiUwYHSVccnZ_bIpE/s1600/DSC00791.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB8K9gQrT609CSIeXg0hnxL5vfDbP0QqjCAwzvkTtf8PCT3GmcDrrFcI5vKPjvNOqsazjuPjTLsXkJfHMn-BBXy1Y3Fy4soh4vfxOORofDw0B3QWdw_m28Hj69QGoiUwYHSVccnZ_bIpE/s320/DSC00791.JPG" width="320" /> </a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj660Uwr-yuGwttaLPIen161HAmEIxVlTQkLJdY6iN9RM5OisD3ftF3DC1EDrRXprrPsmeo02KFZ-aF406JwmL60ea7pbRKL8Dy5Inc5HefB3o6itTWCHwpT9SvtjkLwxfPwOYluum-53s/s1600/DSC00792.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj660Uwr-yuGwttaLPIen161HAmEIxVlTQkLJdY6iN9RM5OisD3ftF3DC1EDrRXprrPsmeo02KFZ-aF406JwmL60ea7pbRKL8Dy5Inc5HefB3o6itTWCHwpT9SvtjkLwxfPwOYluum-53s/s320/DSC00792.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>So, we've been composting for over two straight years with the same bin. Everything has gone magnificently. Recently, our compost bin has taken on a bit of green fungus. It reminds me of Dog vomit slime mold everyone was talking about years ago.<br />
<br />
<br />
We're moving, so today was the last day for composting for a minimum of 1 year. We'll enjoy the time off, but we're not looking forward to changing the trash can liner up to 4x as fast. "Composting has become second nature", my wife tells me. I'm glad that she's learned and become accustomed to such an organic way of life from plate back to earth again.<br />
<br />
Look for more on our compost experiences of the last two years soon.<br />
<br />
<iframe align="left" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?t=ecoautculart-20&o=1&p=8&l=bpl&asins=B004IARUNS&fc1=000000&IS2=1&lt1=_blank&m=amazon&lc1=0000FF&bc1=000000&bg1=FFFFFF&f=ifr" style="height: 245px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 5px; width: 131px;"></iframe>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-65999681463877261362011-07-29T07:37:00.001-10:002011-07-29T07:37:46.933-10:00Noise Pollution in India<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Samarkan","sans-serif"; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 200%;">Noise Pollution in India</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Although noise pollution is a growing concern to all global dwellers, it’s perhaps a particularly pertinent issue to the people of India.<span> </span>It’s there, that a population of 1.2 billion<sup>3</sup> can’t help but contribute to the country’s growing plague of noise pollution.<span> </span>Even the few who are advocates against excessive and unnecessary noise are guilty of making sound waves of their own.<span> </span>This is the current paradox of the Indian people submerged in a sea of sound.<span> </span><span style="color: red;"><span> </span></span>Ironically, the vibrations of contemporary India are a far cry from the delicate mantras of Hinduism’s Brahma or World Soul.<span> </span>The Aum is meant to entomb harmony and balance through a meshing of all things.<span> </span>Not surprising, the uncompromising dissonance of our own inventions disrupts the very balance of life’s natural vibrations.<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Noise pollution has somehow become the neo world soul of India.<span> </span>Perhaps, a sound or multiple sounds to be relished rather than be down upon.<span> </span>But, human health, wildlife and nature in general disagree. <span> </span><span> </span>Distaste for noise is something that people of all walks of life share.<span> </span>In a recent survey, I discovered that 21 out of 23 of my classmates find noise to be bothersome<sup>4</sup>.<span> </span><span> </span>India’s population is familiar with the concept of noise pollution and its many adverse effects.<span> </span>Alongside health problems such as insomnia, attention deficit disorder, and hearing loss, noise pollution is also a great source of environmental disturbance.<span> </span>Wildlife and natural, native habitat and scenery are increasingly lost, which in turn fuels further deforestation as a result of it being of less quality in terms of land equity.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">India is getting smaller every year<sup>5</sup>.<span> </span>In fact, the Indian plate as it is referred to, is actually decreasing in size by nearly 2 inches per year as it merges with the northern Eurasian plate.<span> </span>Obviously, a population that experiences such rapid growth, yet is dwindling in terms of land area would begin to show inevitable signs of wear and tear.<span> </span>To the surprise of many scholars and researchers, the adverse effects of noise pollution have emerged as a first of perhaps many problems the country of India will face as a result of “overpopulation”<sup>6</sup>.<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Aside from overpopulation, the causes of India’s noise pollution problems are widely varying and often, quite easily overlooked when isolated.<span> </span>Car alarms, street vendors, musicians, produce trucks, boiling pots, zippy mopeds and crying babies are just a few of the sounds that fill the air on a typical, urban afternoon in New Dehli.<span> </span>The capital of India, the city is home to roughly fourteen million people, which is nearly the size of the state of Florida alone in terms of population.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Naturally, being exposed to noise pollution for prolonged periods of time has been known to bring about many health problems.<span> </span>On the forefront of noise-related health problems is insomnia, stress, decreased productivity, and of course, hearing loss or impairment.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Indians are nearly 4 times as likely to suffer from bouts of insomnia than Americans<sup>1</sup>.<span> </span><sup><span> </span></sup>The correlation between health and noise are quite obvious to the large number of people living in India’s largest cities.<span> </span>Many Indians living in urban areas are largely living in states of uncontrollable chaos and high concentrations of noise pollution.<span> </span>It is here that the population experiences the adverse effects of noise pollution firsthand.<span> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Unfortunately, humans aren’t the only ones feeling the negative effects of noise pollution.<span> </span>Noise from urban and industrial development eventually drives precious wildlife species from their natural habitats, increasing endangerment and even extinction.<span> </span>In fact, it may be happening faster than we know.<span> </span>“Animals communicate in a similar way to humans—by vocalizing”<sup>7</sup>.<span> </span>Unfortunately, without proper communicatory ability due to noise, chances of survival for much wildlife in India are drowning in a sea of seemingly meaningless sound.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Like the rest of the world, it may be initially difficult for the Indian people to understand the importance of wildlife conservation and the like.<span> </span>However, the cyclical nature of India’s soul and prosperity may be at risk as well.<span> </span>The outcome of noise pollution’s effect on wildlife and nature may be less detectable, because it is to be experienced second-hand and without a doubt, after a great trickling has taken place.<span> </span>Urban noise, wildlife, nature, tourism, health and economy are all part of a cyclical nature contemplated by Brahmin of Hinduism.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Current efforts and studies show that urban planners in India’s major metropolitan cities could benefit greatly by looking at molds formed by fellow national titans of ingenuity.<span> </span>In England, for example, city planners and dwellers alike have collectively turned their urban woes into smiles and joy.<span> </span>They’ve done this through a series of what is referred to as “green spaces”<sup>8</sup>.<span> </span>It’s here that citizens “connected to nature, even unconsciously, can make life worth living”<sup>8</sup>!<span> </span>Conceptually, England’s isolated efforts and implementation of “green spaces”<sup>8</sup> serve as a highly effective tool in combatting urban noise pollution.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">India is a vibrant land that offers much to any willing student.<span> </span>The growing population there is truly an intricate part of this great society.<span> </span>Unfortunately, the need for technological advancement and sheer ingenuity has superseded the need for existential harmony.<span> </span>Ironically, it is the very nature of the Indian population that drives the neo-Aum of Today’s Industry in India.<span> </span>The spirit of the Indian people is a strong one.<span> </span>Their achievements have long been an example of greatness to their global peers.<span> </span>For now, it is up to further research and human ingenuity in India’s next great frontier:<span> </span>noise pollution.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Works Cited</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">1.<span> </span>cover photo of boy and white noise machine courtesy of </span><a href="http://cache.gawker.com/assets/images/4/2010/01/white04.jpg"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">http://cache.gawker.com/assets/images/4/2010/01/white04.jpg</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">2.<span> </span>cover photo of traffic jam courtesy of </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://business.rediff.com/column/2009/oct/06/a-cure-for-indias-traffic-mess.htm"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">http://business.rediff.com/column/2009/oct/06/a-cure-for-indias-traffic-mess.htm</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">3.<span> </span>India.<span> </span>World Bank. November 28<sup>th</sup>, 2010.<span> </span>http://data.worldbank.org/country/india</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">4.<span> </span>Audience Analysis on “Lawn Care vs. The Environment”, by Spencer Johnston, SPC 1608, Valencia Community College, Fall 2010.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">5.<span> </span>ESC 1000, Professor Mary Beck, Geology Department, Valencia Community College, summer 2010.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">6.<span> </span>“India”, by Professor Uday Murthy.<span> </span>Department of Information Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis.<span> </span></span><a href="http://www.cs.iupui.edu/%7Eumurthy/India/people.html"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">http://www.cs.iupui.edu/~umurthy/India/people.html</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">7.<span> </span>Sheryl De Vore.<span> </span>“Noise Affects Wildlife Profoundly, Too”.<span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">Copyright 2004, Cary Grove Countryside, Pioneer Press.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">8.<span> </span>England’s Green Spaces Organization, 2010.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/enjoying/places/greenspace/default.aspx</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">Other Acknowledgement of Area of Study:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Ecofont Vera Sans","sans-serif";">“Noise”.<span> </span>A feature film starring Tim Robbins, 2007.</span></div>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-44529969611767540302011-07-29T05:15:00.000-10:002011-07-29T05:15:50.240-10:00Subaru 360 gets 66 mpgIt's time to get back to the days of the 360 Subaru. According to my latest reads in "The Yugo: The Rise and Fall of The Worst Car in History", "the car was capable of a top speed of 55 mph and achieved 66 miles per gallon" (Vuic 24).<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.subaru360club.org/gallery/360subarupickup/subaru360pickup-011.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="244" src="http://www.subaru360club.org/gallery/360subarupickup/subaru360pickup-011.gif" width="320" /></a></div>Check out my previous blog about this book:<br />
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<iframe align="left" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?t=ecoautculart-20&o=1&p=8&l=bpl&asins=0809098954&fc1=000000&IS2=1&lt1=_blank&m=amazon&lc1=0000FF&bc1=000000&bg1=FFFFFF&f=ifr" style="height: 245px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 5px; width: 131px;"></iframe>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-6356997885353856582011-07-29T05:08:00.000-10:002011-07-29T05:08:36.933-10:00Yugo - The Rise & Fall of the Worst Car in HistoryI've started reading a book titled "The Yugo: The Rise and Fall of the Worst Car in History", written by Jason Vuic.<br />
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This book so far has been a great read. It seems to suite any reader of history or automotive interests alike.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://blog.niot.net/blog-images/tell-your-best-yugo-story-win-a-signed-copy-of-the-yugo-book.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="193" src="http://blog.niot.net/blog-images/tell-your-best-yugo-story-win-a-signed-copy-of-the-yugo-book.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
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Image courtesy of http://auto.niot.net/tag/24hoursoflemons/<br />
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Here's the book:<br />
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<iframe align="left" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?t=ecoautculart-20&o=1&p=8&l=bpl&asins=0809098954&fc1=000000&IS2=1&lt1=_blank&m=amazon&lc1=0000FF&bc1=000000&bg1=FFFFFF&f=ifr" style="height: 245px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 5px; width: 131px;"></iframe><br />
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I found the book at the local county Library. So far, it has offered great insight into the origins of fascination of exotic cars in the U.S. I think readers of International editions would also enjoy the banter about imported cars from greater Eurasia.<br />
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Probably the best thing about this book is its utter ease. I've merely devoted sparing moments to it here and there and I'm already on the 3rd chapter.<br />
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Anyway, enjoy the read. I recommend it. It's made my summer break a little better. As a history student, it's a fulfilling and worthy use of my time.BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-32906621533727363582011-07-27T06:05:00.000-10:002011-07-27T06:05:28.559-10:00Make Any TV Remote Solar Powered | eHomeUpgrade<a href="http://www.ehomeupgrade.com/2011/01/31/make-any-tv-remote-solar-powered/">Make Any TV Remote Solar Powered | eHomeUpgrade</a>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-18028008664300756182011-07-25T10:39:00.000-10:002011-07-25T10:39:12.986-10:00Nissan Leaf: An EV to EnVy.I had the privilege of driving a Nissan Leaf at the University of Central Florida earlier this year. It was smooth, quick and very gratifying. The slim design of the car's battery pack was to be reveled. The lightweight batteries ensure little loss of efficiency due to their own weight. <br />
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Here's a story I found with more about the Nissan Leaf.<br />
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<div class="autopia" id="header"> <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia" id="blog_header"> <span class="blogName">Autopia</span> <span class="blogInfo">Planes, Trains, Automobiles and the Future of Transportation</span> </a> </div><div class="post" id="post-36394"> <div id="post_nav"> <div class="post_nav_link" id="post_nav_previous"> <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia/2011/06/fly-bag-sheffield-university/">Previous post</a> </div><div class="post_nav_link" id="post_nav_next"> <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia/2011/06/video-ride-pikes-peak-on-an-electric-motorcycle/">Next post</a> </div></div><h1>Nissan Leaf Silently Scales Pikes Peak</h1><div class="entryDescription"> <ul><li class="entryAuthor"> By <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia/author/wiredchuck/" title="Posts by Chuck Squatriglia">Chuck Squatriglia</a> <a href="mailto:chuck_squatriglia@wired.com"> <img alt="Email Author" border="0" height="11" src="http://www.wired.com/autopia/wp-content/themes/wired/images/envelope.gif" width="14" /> </a> </li>
<li class="entryDate"> June 28, 2011 | </li>
<li class="entryTime"> 3:30 pm | </li>
<li class="entryCategories"> Categories: <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia/category/autopia-wtf-dept/" rel="category tag" title="View all posts in Autopia WTF? Dept.">Autopia WTF? Dept.</a>, <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia/category/evs-and-hybrids/" rel="category tag" title="View all posts in EVs and Hybrids">EVs and Hybrids</a> </li>
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</ul></div><div class="entry"> <a href="http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/autopia/2011/06/nissan-leaf-pikes-peak-02.jpg"><img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-36401" height="440" src="http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/autopia/2011/06/nissan-leaf-pikes-peak-02.jpg" title="nissan-leaf-pikes-peak-02" width="660" /></a><br />
<em>Updated with more photos and info at 4:30 p.m. EDT.</em><br />
Yes, that’s a Nissan Leaf electric vehicle. And yes, that <em>is</em> Pikes Peak it’s climbing — in decent time, no less.<br />
Chad Hord, who is more often seen beating the snot out of a race-prepped <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia/tag/nissan/">Nissan</a> Titan, completed the <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia/tag/pikes-peak-international-hill-climb/">Pikes Peak International Hill Climb</a> in 14 minutes and 33 seconds.<br />
That’s <a href="http://www.usacracing.com/usac_live/ppihc_timing">on par with the slowest finishers</a> in some internal combustion divisions and an impressive finish for what was an essentially bone stock <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia/tag/nissan-leaf/">Nissan Leaf</a>. Aside from safety gear and race-ready wheels and tires, the car that Hord drove was identical to the one Renault-Nissan CEO <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia/2011/06/qa-with-carlos-ghosn/">Carlos Ghosn wants to put in your driveway</a>.<br />
For those who don’t know, Pikes Peak is one of the most storied, and challenging, events in motorsports. Drivers run flat-out over a 12.42 mile course that features 156 turns. The course, which includes gravel and tarmac, begins at 9,390 feet and finishes at the 14,110-foot summit.<br />
While most entries roar through the course, the <a href="http://www.wired.com/reviews/2010/12/road-test-seeing-green-in-new-way-with-nissan-leaf/">Nissan Leaf</a> zipped along with only the sound of squealing tires and the high-pitched beeper installed to warn spectators the car was coming. Nissan tells us the state of charge meter showed three bars (out of 12) remaining at the end of the run. That suggests Hord burned through three-quarters of the 24 kilowatt-hour pack’s capacity during the run.<br />
“The Leaf was great fun to drive up the mountain” Hord said in a statement. “With the instant torque from the electric motor we were able to jump out of the many slow corners and the performance was very consistent from the bottom to the top since the electric motor wasn’t affected by the high altitude near the summit like the gasoline powered cars.”<br />
Although Nissan’s go-fast guys at <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia/2011/04/nissan-leaf-nismo-rc/">NISMO have built a race-ready Leaf</a>, don’t expect to see Leafs — yes, Nissan insists that’s the plural — throwing down in competition. Nissan said the run up Pikes Peak was meant to show what the tech can do.<br />
<em>Photos and video: Nissan</em><br />
<span id="more-36394"></span><br />
<a href="http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/autopia/2011/06/nissan-leaf-pikes-peak-03.jpg"><img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-36402" height="440" src="http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/autopia/2011/06/nissan-leaf-pikes-peak-03.jpg" title="nissan-leaf-pikes-peak-03" width="660" /></a><br />
<a href="http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/autopia/2011/06/nissan-leaf-pikes-peak.jpg"><img alt="" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-36395" height="437" src="http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/autopia/2011/06/nissan-leaf-pikes-peak.jpg" title="nissan-leaf-pikes-peak" width="660" /></a><br />
Hord answers some questions about the Leaf and prepping for Pikes Peak.<br />
</div><div class="entryActions"> <div class="entryTags"> Tags: <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia/tag/auto-racing/" rel="tag">Auto Racing</a>, <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia/tag/electric-vehicles/" rel="tag">Electric Vehicles</a>, <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia/tag/nissan/" rel="tag">nissan</a>, <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia/tag/nissan-leaf/" rel="tag">Nissan Leaf</a>, <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia/tag/pikes-peak-international-hill-climb/" rel="tag">Pikes Peak International Hill Climb</a> </div><div class="entryExtra"> <ul><li> <a href="http://www.wired.com/autopia/2011/06/nissan-leaf-silently-scales-pikes-peak/#comments">Post Comment</a> | </li>
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<a href="http://www.aguntherphotography.com/"> <img alt="Fine Art Photography" border="0" src="http://www.opentravelinfo.com/files/siteadmin/img/ad_button.jpg" /></a> </div></div></div></td> <td valign="top"><div id="main"><h1 class="title">How to Save Money on Gas - 29 Tips</h1><div class="node"><table style="width: 100%;"><tbody>
<tr> <td><div class="taxonomy"><ul class="links inline"><li class="first last taxonomy_term_138"><a class="taxonomy_term_138" href="http://www.opentravelinfo.com/interest/travel_tips" rel="tag" title="">Travel Tips</a></li>
</ul></div><div class="content"><span class="inline inline-left"><a href="http://www.opentravelinfo.com/uncategorized/expensive-gas-in-california"><img alt="Expensive Gas in California" class="image image-thumbnail" height="180" src="http://www.opentravelinfo.com/files/images/california-gasoline.thumbnail.jpg" title="Expensive Gas in California" width="135" /></a><span class="caption" style="width: 133px;"><b>Expensive Gas in <a class="autolink-term" href="http://www.opentravelinfo.com/area/north+america/u.s.a./california">California</a></b></span></span>I love going on <a class="autolink-term" href="http://www.opentravelinfo.com/travel-guide/north-america/u-s-a/usa-road-trip-planner-guide.html">Road Trips</a>, but the increasing fuel cost can put a damper on my mood to drive long distances. Due to the recent hike in gas prices, I wanted to share this article about fuel efficient driving techniques with you. As a student I didn't have a lot of money and the cost of gasoline was always a major issue for me. I have learned many ways of saving money for gas by improving my gas mileage. There are many things you can do, aside from going out and buying a more fuel efficient car, that will help you tremendously to cut down your gasoline expenses. Many require only minor adjustments to your driving style. I am going to review some well known techniques and some of my own that I used as a student. I have always been able to exceed the specified gas mileage of my car (even meeting the specified numbers is pretty tough). In my previous <a href="http://www.opentravelinfo.com/travel_related/uncategorized/is_this_the_end_of_cheap_gasoline">article on gas prices</a>, I speculated that those high prices are here to stay and that we will never see really cheap gas again. In this article I am going to talk a bit about what you can do to save gas. <br />
<b>Update:</b> I bought two Hybrid cars since I wrote this article and learned many new techniques that helped me with Hybrids: <a href="http://www.opentravelinfo.com/area/travel-tips/improving-hybrid-car-gas-mileage-how-i-got-over-58-mpg.html">Improving Hybrid Car Gas Mileage</a> <br />
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<h2>Changing your Driving Habits <br />
</h2><h3>Brake the right way</h3>1. A car consumes most gas as it accelerates. It's a simply law of physics (force equals mass times acceleration). A moving car doesn't require much gasoline to keep moving (due to the inherent inertia). In real life this means, in order to improve your mileage you need to keep the ride smooth. Let me give you some examples.<br />
About 30% of the drivers I see in somewhat heavy traffic apparently cannot control their speed with the accelerator pad alone. Instead I see those guys speed up and slam on the brakes all the time. Obviously, that makes the guy following too close behind very nervous and he too needs to brake and accelerate constantly. In really heavy (but still moving) traffic about 90% of the cars do this. It is relatively easy to hold a speed in a long line of cars without stepping on the brake. Just keep a little bit more distance and try to practice this. If the traffic moves along, you rarely need to brake, unless everything slows down. If you pay attention to the cars ahead of you (not just the one right in front of your nose, but the other cars ahead of that one), you can anticipate when things will slow down and you can ease off the gas. This means you won't lose all that power to friction (on the brakes) and you can keep your speed without having to accelerate. In heavy traffic this is the most efficient way to save gas and can easily get you 10% - 20% better gas mileage.<br />
<h3>Hybrid drivers</h3>2. If you own a hybrid powered car, the statement above applies even more to you. Try to avoid fast braking. Hybrid cars have the ability to convert braking power into electric energy and store them in their batteries. However this (induction) will only give yo so much braking power. If you need to decelerate faster, your brakes will engage and energy will be lost.<br />
So the next time you are approaching a traffic light, start braking a lot sooner and don't slam on the brakes the last minute. This will significantly improve the efficiency of your hybrid car.<br />
By starting to decelerate sooner, I can often avoid coming to a complete stop (regular car), before the traffic light switches to green and the cars in front of me start rolling. This way I can keep some of my inertia and don't have to accelerate as much (<- more gas saved).<br />
<h3>Turn off your air condition</h3>3. This tip might be somewhat impractical in some areas. I would never dare to switch off the air condition of my car in <a class="autolink-term" href="http://www.opentravelinfo.com/area/north-america/u-s-a/arizona">Arizona</a> in the Summer. However I also know that the compressor for the air conditioner loads the motor of my car more, which will reduce my fuel economy. I try not to use the air conditioner if I don't have to.<br />
Park your car in the shade if you can, so you won't have to keep the AC working as hard when you go somewhere.<br />
Roll down the windows just a tiny bit, so the air can circulate through your car while you are parked (might not be a good idea in areas with a high theft rate).<br />
Turn off the AC 5 minutes before you reach your destination and don't keep it working until the last second.<br />
<h3>Shifting Manual<br />
</h3>4. A manual transmission is truly fantastic. I can only encourage everyone to try it out. You can pretty much determine if you want a sporty shifting (at higher RPM) or a fuel efficient shifting (at low RPM). No matter how "intelligent" automatic transmissions are, they aren't as smart as you. Due to the way an automatic transmission shifts, there are also higher losses associated with automatic transmissions. Overall a manual transmission can be a lot more fuel efficient.<br />
If you have a manual transmission and want to save some gas, you need to shift up early and shift down late. <br />
Most people get taught that they need to shift at a certain RPM, which is, excuse me, complete BS. You need to feel the car and the load condition to figure out when you need to shift. A car that goes uphill needs to pull a lot more and should be driven at a higher RPM (or else it jumps). On the other side, if you are gliding along an empty road, you can drive at extremely low RPM (high gear). Then if you want to accelerate (you need a bit more power), you quickly shift down, get up to speed and shift up again. I always shift by feeling the car and I rarely ever look at the RPM (except for my amusement or out of boredom, or if I really want to race and need to shift before the red line).<br />
<h3>Shifting Automatic<br />
</h3>5. If you have a cruise control and there isn't a whole lot of traffic, you probably should use it (it will keep the speed constant and hence doesn't need to accelerate).<br />
6. Use the overdrive gears, as this will generally keep your RPM down and your wallet happy.<br />
7. Shift into neutral when you are standing still to reduce transmission strain and cool off the transmission. <br />
I added some more information on shifting, down in the comments below this post. <br />
<h3>Reduce weight</h3>8. Coming back to the force equals mass times acceleration. We already established that one shouldn't accelerate as much. You can also try to reduce the mass of your car by emptying out the trunk and removing heavy items that you don't need (keep your spare tire and car lift, but get rid of the gardening equipment).<br />
<h3>Turn your car off</h3>9. When you turn on a car, it uses a bit of gas. When the car is idling, it uses a fixed amount of gas over a period of time (especially with the AC on).<br />
In most scenarios (depending on the car), the energy balance will be positive if you turn off your car for more then 20 seconds.<br />
That means you can save gas if you turn off you car while waiting at long traffic light sequences, railroad crossings or while your better half pulls money from the ATM. Any time you can foresee that you will not be moving for more then 30s or 1minute you should turn off the engine to help your vacation budget.<br />
<h3>Drive slower</h3>10. Yeah right. Obviously thats not something I am all that fond off being the leadfoot driver I am. Well, it's a proven fact that driving fast will increase the drag (turbulence) and thus increase your fuel consumption, however I simply cannot bring myself to drive below the legal speed limit. It's your choice. There is not that much difference between 60mph and 65mph in terms of fuel consumption. However I grew up in <a class="autolink-term" href="http://www.opentravelinfo.com/area/europe/germany">Germany</a> (no speed limits). A car racing along at its maximum speed of 200km/h (depending on the car), would consume about twice as much gas as if it were driven at 160km/h. At the upper end of the power spectrum engines become very inefficient.<br />
<h3>Drafting</h3>11. Drafting has given me some excellent mileage when I used to commute long distance a long time ago. Obviously, it requires a bit of skill and it's not exactly recommended, since you should pay attention to the road and we all know, most people who read this just don't. However it is probably one of the best "secret" fuel saving tips I can give you.<br />
This technique is frequently used by race car drivers to gain speed and truck convoys to save fuel.<br />
Every car has a certain amount of drag (or wind resistance). This drag, the rolling resistance of your tires (see below under maintenance) and the friction in your engine are the three main causes of reduced efficiency. A car moving through the air causes the air to split around the car and turbulence behind the car. If you drive your car into another cars slipstream, both cars will save fuel (less turbulence). The following car saves the most gasoline. <br />
Now remember, I am not advocating to tailgate. However, you can try to find a large truck (more turbulence and a longer slipstream tail) and slip in there. Now you can still keep some distance (unlike the NASCAR driver) and still save gas. <br />
However, many people cannot regulate their speed without braking (see above). In this case you are probably better off just keeping your distance and not braking.<br />
<h3>Close your windows</h3>12. Believe it or not, but opening your windows will increase the turbulences and eventually cost you fuel. If you can, use only the ventilation system of your car. I cannot really gauge this against using the air conditioner. I believe that opening your windows at low speeds and using the air conditioner at high speeds gives you better fuel economy.<br />
<h3>Fill up at Arco</h3>13. Year after year Chevron and Shell are making new record earnings while squeezing the poor motorists for every penny. They advertise their expensive gasoline with buzzwords such as Techron, V-Power and some other BS words. Basically, that means they put some expensive stuff into the gas to sell it at a better profit. In fact, the gasoline of all gas stations flows through the same pipeline and the only difference is the magic stuff they poor into the gas to claim a cleaner burning fuel or better fuel efficiency. At the same time their average gas price is about 10c - 30c above other cheaper gas stations in the neighborhood. I can see no difference in my gas mileage when I empty a tank of Arco vs. a tank full off Techron enhanced souped-up high tech additive gas spritz. And if it cleans anything then certainly my wallet, which is all squeaky clean after filling up.<br />
Well, I am tired of financing the billions of those mega empires. I am getting my gas at the Arco and I have never had any trouble with the quality. Of course you are free to throw your hard earned dollars at Chevron (pay 10% more and save 3% on their rebate cards - another scam to tie the customer to their high priced gas) or Shell in the hopes their magic bullet fuel additives do anything for you.<br />
Now let me back up a second. Sometimes I actually go to Chevron to fill up. I put exactly 8 gallons into my tank so I qualify for a discount at the car wash.<br />
<br />
14. When I am on the road, I try to keep an eye open for gas prices along the way. If I see the price jumping down, i usually fill up. Some gas stations offer free coffee with fill up or a free hot dog, and if their gas costs the same as the gas across the street, I go for the coffee with my gas.<br />
<h3>Pick a better route</h3>15. Avoid heavy traffic and lots of traffic lights. The shortest route is not always the most fuel efficient if you have to stop a lot.<br />
<br />
<h2>Cheap Car maintenance <br />
</h2>Why cheap car maintenance? I don't believe that spending a lot of money on fuel additives or special tires or whatever I see suggested elsewhere will really help you to improve your bottom line, and that's what this article is about. For instance I do not believe that your fuel economy suffers much if you change your oil every 5000 miles instead of 3000 miles (but it does save money not to change oil that often). <br />
<h3>Pump it up</h3>16. Inflate your tires to the specified level (I usually go about 0.2 PSI above). This will reduce the contact area of your tire to the road and therefore reduce the friction. It will help you to get a slightly improved gas mileage.<br />
17. If you don't need Snow Tires or Chains, remove them. Don't drive around all summer with Snow Tires. They are softer and have a deeper profile which will increase friction.<br />
<h3>Rent a smaller car</h3>18. Remember that mass and acceleration equation? Well, a small car always has a better fuel economy due to its smaller mass. Smart budget travelers therefore rent smaller cars and don't care much about the status a shiny big car conveys. They rather indulge in a good drink at the end of the day (when they don't need to drive anymore) with all the gas money they saved. Their vacation pictures look just as glorious, but they still have pocket change for bigger prints.<br />
<h3>Reduce drag</h3>19. Why are you driving around with that ski-, bicycle- or luggage-rack on your roof if you don't need it? Didn't you know that this increases the wind resistance of your car? Well now you do. Seriously, removing those will save you quite a bit of gasoline.<br />
<h3>Eco tuning</h3>20. Chip tuning for your engine used to be pretty big way back when gas cost less then water. These days the buzzword is <span style="font-weight: bold;">eco tuning</span>. Many tuners offer replacement chips for your engine computer that increase the power while at the same time saving gas. How is this possible? Well to cut this already long article short, they improve both ends of the curve. At the upper end they give you more power (with reduced efficiency) and at the lower end a better efficiency. You choose with the gas pedal which mode to use. Make sure you use manufacturer approved tuners if you don't want to lose your warranty.<br />
<h3>Use the correct grade of motor oil</h3>21. The grade of the oil pretty much tells us about the viscosity. If you use the wrong grade, you may increase the friction in your engine. It gets hotter and uses more gas.<br />
<h3>Air filters</h3>23. Replace your air filter when you need to, or your mix won't be right. However don't replace it every time the mechanics tell you to (they make money with it). Try to find out how often you need a new filter.<br />
<h3>Turn off the lights</h3>24. Well, this one might be a safety concern. Many <a class="autolink-term" href="http://www.jdoqocy.com/click-2137790-10387187">Rental Car</a> companies have daylights enabled on their cars which are rather efficient. However every electrical equipment is powered from the alternator which will increase its load on the engine to produce more power. So when you can do it safely, turn off those headlights.<br />
<br />
<h2>Drive less</h2>Here comes the discussion we don't like to read as much.<br />
<h3>Carpool</h3>25. Well, if two people are riding in a car, the gas used per person is immediately cut into half. If 4 people are sharing a ride, their individual gas bill becomes only one third. Since they can now use carpool lanes, they won't have to spend as much time in traffic (idle engines use gas too) and get an even better gas mileage, plus they get home sooner. Its not always feasible though.<br />
<h3>Combine Trips</h3>26. Try to combine trips. If you live outside of town, try to go into town only once and get everything you need done.<br />
<br />
<h2>Fuel Efficient Cars</h2>27. If you are in the market for a new car, you definitely should consider fuel efficiencies. However I wouldn't buy a hybrid just for the better fuel economy if I weren't in the market for a new car. You can easily calculate how much money you would save a year and weigh that against the cost of the car (plus the potentially higher maintenance cost). <br />
28. Its not commonly known, but Diesel engines can give you a much better gas mileage than Hybrids on long distance drives. That's one of the reasons, hybrids aren't popular in <a class="autolink-term" href="http://www.opentravelinfo.com/area/europe">Europe</a> but Diesels are. <br />
<h3>Bonus: </h3>29. Don't fill up unless you are on empty, since all this gas weighs a lot and as we have already learned (force equals .... - you know it). However I usually only do this when gas prices are falling or constant (so I can wait longer and get cheaper gas). When gas prices are rising, I fill up sooner. Due to the psychological impact of rising gas prices, people usually do the exact opposite, which will eventually cost them more. <br />
30. The list still grows. Someone made an excellent suggestion for trucks in the forum. Dropping the tailgate of his small truck, Ronald is able to <a href="http://www.opentravelinfo.com/forum/travel-talk/general-travel-tips/aerodynamics.html">improve the aerodynamics</a> and thus get a better gas mileage. Sounds plausible. <br />
31. I also noticed that the first gas station you encounter after a long thirsty stretch is almost never the cheapest. After you leave a national park and didn't have a chance to pump gas for a long time, the first station will often have slightly higher prices as everyone pulls over to fill up as soon as they can. I usually drive a little further to find a cheaper station. <br />
32. I do not fill up on gas stations visible from the Interstate I am driving on or from the main freeways. I usually take an exit at a moderately sized city when I am on a <a class="autolink-term" href="http://www.opentravelinfo.com/travel-guide/north-america/u-s-a/usa-road-trip-planner-guide.html">road trip</a> and head for the city center. Before I actually get there, I usually find much better deals. Location and Competition are the factors that determine local price fluctations. This means you need to look for places with lots of competition (hence moderately sized city) and avoid prime locations (get away from the main roads). Large cities often have higher gas prices and are harder to navigate. On my last trip, I pulled over whenever I saw a station that had significantly lower prices then I had seen previously, even if my tank was only half-empty. On road trips, the rules are slightly different. Fill up whenever and wherever it is cheap and do not wait for yout tank to be empty. <br />
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<h2>Credits:</h2>Article written by Andre Gunther: <br />
<a href="http://www.opentravelinfo.com/" title="Fine Art Travel Photograph">http://www.aguntherphotography.com </a> <br />
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</tbody></table><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Lemon-Book-How-Ripped-off-When/dp/B001OBNMDQ?ie=UTF8&tag=ecoautculart-20&link_code=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969" target="_blank">The Lemon Book: How Not to Get Ripped-off When You Buy a Car</a><img alt="" border="0" height="1" src="http://www.assoc-amazon.com/e/ir?t=ecoautculart-20&l=btl&camp=213689&creative=392969&o=1&a=B001OBNMDQ" style="border: medium none ! important; margin: 0px ! important; padding: 0px ! important;" width="1" />BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-26541799851296813312011-07-25T04:53:00.000-10:002011-07-25T04:53:21.255-10:00Why Online Education is Better for the Environment…And Your Wallet<a href="http://www.classesandcareers.com/education/2008/10/12/why-online-education-is-better-for-the-environmentand-your-wallet/#.Ti2DWP5QT2s.blogger">Why Online Education is Better for the Environment…And Your Wallet</a>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-21483295107880723952011-07-24T11:24:00.000-10:002011-07-24T11:24:07.683-10:0072 Miles Per Day of Sunlight<div id="content-header"> <div class="grid-8 alpha"> <div class="inside"> <div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-3"> <div class="pane-content"> <h1 class="replace-text"><span>Blog</span></h1><div class="replace-text" style="display: none;"><span>Keep current with what's new in the World of Tesla, and share your thoughts back with the community.</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="grid-4 omega"> <div class="inside"> <div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-join-community"> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clear-block" id="mini-panel-join_community"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-4"> <div class="pane-content"> <div id="join-community"> <div class="replace-text"> <span>Join The Community</span></div><a class="button tertiary" href="http://www.teslamotors.com/user/register">Register</a> <a class="button tertiary" href="http://www.teslamotors.com/user/login">Login</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br class="clear-block" /> </div><div class="attachment attachment-before"> <div class="view view-queue-featured-blog-posts view-id-queue_featured_blog_posts view-display-id-attachment_1 blog-top view-dom-id-3"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="blog-teaser"> <div class="blog-thumbnail"> <a class="active" href="http://www.teslamotors.com/blog/pvev-we%E2%80%99re-getting-72-miles-day-sunlight-or-72-mps"><img alt="" class="imagecache imagecache-blog_hero imagecache-default imagecache-blog_hero_default" height="220" src="http://www.teslamotors.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/blog_hero/solar.jpg" title="" width="640" /></a> </div><div class="blog-text"> <span class="pubdate">June 30, 2009 </span> <div class="title"><h2><a class="active" href="http://www.teslamotors.com/blog/pvev-we%E2%80%99re-getting-72-miles-day-sunlight-or-72-mps">PV+EV: We’re getting 72 miles per day of sunlight, or 72 MPS!</a></h2></div><span class="byline">By Dr. Rob Wilder, </span> <span class="author-info"> CEO of WilderShares LLC </span> <div class="categories"> <span class="categories-label">TAGS: </span> <span class="categories-list"><a href="http://www.teslamotors.com/enthusiasts/blogs/tag/benefits">Benefits</a> / <a href="http://www.teslamotors.com/enthusiasts/blogs/tag/environment">Environment</a> / </span> </div><div class="comment-count"> <img src="http://www.teslamotors.com/sites/all/themes/tesla/images/icn_discussion_14.gif" /> <span>17 comments</span> </div></div></div></div></div></div></div><em>Dr. Rob Wilder is Manager of Encinitas, Calif.-based WilderHill Clean Energy Index (ECO), the first Index on Wall Street for renewable energy, better energy efficiency and zero-carbon solutions. He was previously on faculty at U.C. Santa Barbara, and University of Massachusetts; he has been AAAS/EPA Fellow in Environmental Science & Technology, Fulbright Fellow, and a National Academy of Sciences Young Investigator. For a more extensive look at so-called PV+EV technology, check out </em><a href="http://www.wildershares.com/">http://www.wildershares.com</a><br />
The idea of using solar to power electric cars is tremendously appealing in theory, yet critics insist that it’s a myth or a pipe dream at least a decade away. But it’s here now -– and our Roadster is the proof. Let’s examine how we get 72 miles per day from sunlight, or what I affectionately call 72 MPS, in our solar/electric Tesla.<br />
To visualize how sunshine can power very fast cars, start with the solar. Our solar photo voltaic power began with installation in 2003 of a 3.85 kilowatt solar rooftop array on our home in Southern California. Originally powering only a building, the PV has been performing well and should reach payback after roughly 10 years (see <a href="http://wildershares.com/costs.php">solar PV system costs</a> for more information).<br />
The fairly short time to payback is due to two crucial components: 1) *California’s solar subsidies, and 2) *Time of Use metering (TOU) by our utility.<br />
This PV is monitored by a <a href="http://www.fatspaniel.com/">web-based real-time monitoring system</a>. In long sunlight in the summer and fall, we generally make on average around <a href="http://www.wildershares.com/pdf/monopvgraphs.pdf">14 kilowatt*hours</a> (kWh) per day from our phase-one panels (below left). In winter, with fewer daylight hours, or on cloudy days with less irradiance (watts/meter2), we generally make much less:<br />
<div class="PhotoLeft"><a href="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog6" target="_new"><img class="blogPhoto" src="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog6" width="400" /></a><br />
Phase one rooftop PV going in, 2003.</div><div class="PhotoLeft"><a href="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog4" target="_new"><img class="blogPhoto" src="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog4" width="400" /></a><br />
Phase two, PV is added, ground-mount.</div>Pleased with phase-one results, we next installed another 2.8 kW of ground-mounted PV (above right) and so total production for both systems is about 6.65 kW overall.<br />
Importantly, since we implemented this solar system in 2003, it has been providing us about 24 kWh per day of electricity. That’s roughly enough to meet the needs of many a small business, or a single home. Please remember this 24 kWh per day figure -- it’s an amount we think of as “One Sun” and will be relevant with addition of an electric car.<br />
It’s also an average. We can make more than 25 kWh on long, sunny, non-foggy days of late summer and fall. Conversely, on shorter winter days, or on any cloudy or foggy days, solar production will be substantially less.<br />
<div class="PhotoLeft"><a href="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog10" target="_new"><img class="blogPhoto" src="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog10" /></a><br />
<a href="http://wildershares.com/solar.php" target="_blank">PV Monitoring</a>: Phase 1 vs Phase 2 performance.</div>Consider next our billing is by TOU (Time of Use) metering and on a 1-year annual basis — it’s not monthly. So with the grid essentially a battery, and 1-year billing cycle, we can use greater power in late summer and fall to offset winter shortfalls. As the PV in day covers night use over 24 hours, surplus in summer and fall carries winter year in and year out.<br />
<u>Practical Knowledge Gained from Adding an Electric Vehicle (EV)</u><br />
Now let’s throw into the mix our recent addition of a 2008 Tesla Roadster. I and my family already love it dearly: It’s a clearly exceptional vehicle -- great to drive, quick and stunning to watch. Importantly, it also uses our solar PV. Simply plug in the Roadster and it dovetails elegantly with our PV, becoming in essence a solar EV, or what I like to call PV+EV. For people interested in energy security, this is the holy grail of personal transportation -– a gorgeous, fast car that doesn’t compromise on performance and is powered by renewable energy.<br />
We’ve also gained practical PV+EV experience. Consider the amount of energy we’ve made from the sun (<span style="color: green;">green</span>) vs. energy we’ve expended (<span style="color: orange;">orange</span>) over a typical day now:<br />
<div class="PhotoLeft"><a href="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog11" target="_new"><img class="blogPhoto" src="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog11" width="400" /></a><br />
Phase one rooftop PV going in, 2003.</div>The green lines are fairly predictable; they’re roughly a parabola matching (no surprise!) sunshine. They correspond neatly with the hours that utilities typically charge most money for energy. And, of course, our production of energy from solar power hasn’t changed at all since an EV was added to the equation.<br />
But the height and shape of our energy <em>demand,</em> in <span style="color: orange;">orange</span>, with an EV is now far different. We consume a good deal more, although it’s mostly done at night. The reason is simply that we charge our Roadster late at night through the early morning, when the battery becomes fully recharged and it stops charging.<br />
That’s shown in very high 2+ kWh orange bars seen above left and right from a typical day in May, charging at 110 volts and 15 amps. Adding this first EV has suddenly enlarged & shifted our energy-use, something to be mindful of when you’re solar powered. To speed charging we've recently upgraded to 240 volts and 30 amps, so the orange bars are now briefer and can get really tall indeed! For live data see <a href="http://wildershares.com/solar.php">http://wildershares.com/solar.php</a><br />
But before you knock the Roadster for increasing our energy demand, remember: We’re not paying a penny for gasoline. And the Roadster has supercar performance and a correspondingly large battery. This battery holds 54 kWh, giving this car great speed and a good range but therefore needing much (solar) ‘juice’ — certainly more than a smaller EV that might be used mainly for short trips or inter-city commuting and errands.<br />
Due to cooling and other losses in charging, filling from empty takes about 68 kWh, or 26% more than 54 kWh the battery holds. This 68 kWh is the seminal amount; it quantifies how much truly is needed. We’ll reference this number to determine how far we can go from power of the sun alone.<br />
Crucially, we do all EV charging overnight because with Time Of Use (TOU) meter rates, the cost here is ‘only’ 18 cents/kWh during off-peak hours at night.<br />
By contrast, a peak rate is far higher at 30 cents/kWh from 11 a.m. to 6 p.m., when our PV makes surplus power from the sun and sells it back to the utility, giving us a credit on our bill.<br />
To charge overnight isn’t a sacrifice at all; we’d do it anyway. Moreover, this car captures many natural benefits of EVs. It has zippy, always-available torque and doesn’t require you to chug up to the peak torque zone like a gasoline car, “gasser.” It feels far more responsive and intuitive than a comparably slow Porsche or BMW. Only the very fastest gassers are in its league or quicker, such as the fastest Ferraris.<br />
Better acceleration than most any gasser and far more fun to drive, with 100% torque -- and it doesn’t require the costly, time-consuming maintenance of a gasser. All this, and you’re not dependent on vexing oil – and best of all you possibly can make your own clean fuel such as from renewable sunlight or wind power to boot!<br />
<div class="PhotoLeft"><a href="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog5" target="_new"><img class="blogPhoto" src="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog5" width="500" /></a><br />
‘Solar electric Tesla’, in foreground.</div>For our EV, ‘fuel’ comes in essence from PV. And we may soon add a third phase of differing PV, or small wind power for even more renewable fuel. Contrast that with a gasser. It’s impossible under virtually any circumstance to make your own gasoline. Yes, it’s energy-dense -– but it’s finite, dirty, comes primarily from geopolitically instable regions. A gasser can’t go 10 feet without it, and even hybrids depend on it.<br />
On the other hand, we’re already learning valuable lessons about PV+EV. In a chart above, the Roadster began consuming energy in the evening; by the time it stopped charging, it was only partially charged. Because it draws a maximum of about 15 amps from a common 120V outlet, it needs more time than TOU allows per night to recharge fully.<br />
However we recently changed to a 240V mobile connector, so we’re now charging at 240V @30 amps (using a standard NEMA 14-50 4 wire), dramatically shortening the full recharging time from at least 24 hours to less than 8 hours. And we could purchase the high-power connector and charge at 240V @ 70 amps.<br />
A measuring unit to next help explain energy*time is the kilowatt*hour, kWh. Elegantly it can apply equally to energy made by PV— or energy used in building or car; 500 watts for 2 hours, 1,000 watts for 1 hour, or 2,000 watts for 30 minutes, each = 1 kWh.<br />
Consider now that with TOU, each kWh surplus solar made On-peak, is worth 1.6X each kWh used Off-peak due to a billing ratio of 30:18. So our 25 kWh made On-peak by PV, and leveraged at 30:18 becomes akin to our receiving 41 kWh Off-peak from the grid.<br />
What, next, is our actual range on a 68 kWh fill up? To give an exact range is surprisingly slippery, regardless of solar power or not. Yes, this car impressively is EPA rated at a 244-mile range, or it can go 0-60 in 3.9 seconds. Yet it can’t go that far and consistently fast.<br />
The Roadster has several driving modes. We almost always use the default “standard” mode to optimize performance and range. The “range” mode allows more battery charge; it slightly shortens battery life and we sometimes use it if going unusually far — but it slows the EV considerably so it’s more like driving a common gasser. The “performance” mode is typically used on race tracks; it’s less efficient so we don’t use it at all.<br />
After turning the key in standard mode, you see “ideal” range: it maybe says, 195 miles — not the EPA rated 244: you don’t have access to 100% of the energy in standard mode. You’re seeing only 80% of theoretical range. This is partly for battery management; charging to 90% in standard mode prolongs battery life, and 10% more left in reserve also is not shown onscreen.<br />
In our experience, after driving to a half state of charge, we’ve gone approximately 70-75 miles. Extrapolating and being conservative we normally expect some 140-miles total range; that’s without dipping into the 10% reserve and driving in the fast standard mode, which is just too much fun to pass up.<br />
<div class="PhotoLeft"><em><a href="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog2" target="_new"><img class="blogPhoto" src="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog2" width="400" /></a><br />
Sample screen at battery ½ depleted.</em></div>On the other hand, we’ll get EPA-rated 244 miles starting off with a full charge and going in range mode.<br />
Now on to a key question: what’s real range in this fast EV powered by sunlight? I suggest rephrasing the question: How far does our 6 kW of solar PV make the car go? Recall we make about 24 kWh over an average day; we call this 24 kWh in a day, or 1 “sun.” Broken down as 24 hours, roughly 1 kWh is being made each hour; we call that 1 kWh per hour one “sol”. Two hours is thus 2 kWh, or 2 sol, etc.<br />
As will be shown, we get about 3 miles range from each kWh (sol) in this fast car.<br />
Simply, 24 kWh/Day means roughly this car will drive 72 miles per day from sunlight alone. Thus it has a range of 72 miles per day of sun, or 72 MPS. Translating how far you can go from of sun power alone, and seeing that it’s 72 miles per sun (MPS) or 3 miles per sol (3 m/sol), may feel more intuitive and simply more elegant than oily old MPG.<br />
Solar-power is more changeable than a fixed 24 kWh/day, however for simplicity’s sake we’ve kept the 1 sun constant. Yet a second major variable is energy expended in driving. That in turn will be keenly influenced by how and where we drive the EV.<br />
We’re estimating our own average demand is 330 Wh/mile overall, after charging losses. This is based on our local situation: we drive local streets 30-60 mph, and the Roadster is very efficient in that zone. We don’t do very many freeway miles and are only occasionally in range mode. With our driving mix, we end up with roughly 270 Wh/mile.<br />
<div class="PhotoLeft"><a href="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog1" target="_new"><img class="blogPhoto" src="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog1" width="400" /></a><br />
We get around 0.270 kWh/mile typically<br />
in 30-60 mph stop & go local traffic.</div>Given 0.270 kWh/mile from battery as our average, and adding 26% loss charging (going to around 330), means we get roughly 3 miles range for each kWh, or 3 m/sol. (This also is in line with the EPA estimated 0.280 kWh consumption per mile in a combined cycle)<br />
Generating our own PV power makes us more aware of building demand. We are diligent about using regenerative braking to slow down. Why use the brake pedal when you can slow down just as easily by taking your foot off the accelerator – and make electrons too?<br />
Just lifting off the accelerator slows the car quite sufficiently in most driving situations, particularly from high speeds, when inertia regenerates 30-40 kW back in the battery. For me and for many Tesla owners, the “strong regen” is one of the most interactive and satisfying aspects of driving. Compared to an archaic gasser, which wastefully heats brakes to arrest momentum while putting zero fuel back in the tank, the Roadster can be efficiently controlled with just the slightest movement of your foot on the accelerator.<br />
Now back to the PV connection: We’d estimated its payback in roughly 10 years. Now with 5 ¾ years making solar power under our belt, we see that’s about right. Total cost for the first phase was $15,511 (the California subsidies back in 2003 had cut our costs paid in half).<br />
<div class="PhotoLeft"><a href="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog7" target="_new"><img class="blogPhoto" src="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog7" width="600" /></a><br />
29,000 kWh is generated and measured since a 2nd PV monitoring was installed in 2006 (left).<br />
Or at this sunny On-peak moment (left, top), the Irradiance is a sunny 772 W/M2;<br />
6.5 kW of PV is making 3,698 Watts, the demand is 530 Watts, and 3,167 Watts is being exported.</div>And our payback might be better yet. We’d looked only at payback for our electricity — a complex problem but a self-contained one.<br />
Now that we’re also avoiding buying <em>gas</em>, a vital second factor is accelerating payback. (Gas costs roughly double cost over electricity alone).<br />
<u>The combination PV+EV works, but there’s clearly limits on both sides of the “+”.</u><br />
So the combination of PV+EV works, though we find limits on both sides of the equation. For instance, this car is thirsty; we’re consuming much more PV power than before powering just a building. Rather than PV fully meeting 100% of a smaller demand pie as it did before, now the demand pie is bigger. About 30% of the greater need goes into an EV, and 70% goes into the building. There’s no free lunch, even with solar.<br />
How well has the 6 kW PV coped? In cloudy May, demand from both the building and car was 1,160 kWh. In that overcast month, PV made 650 kWh. That sounds a huge shortfall, yet with 30:18 leverage, TOU almost roughly covers it. But during four socked-in, foggy days at the end of the month, PV with TOU would have covered even the bigger combined demand.<br />
<div class="PhotoLeft"><a href="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog12" target="_new"><img class="blogPhoto" src="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog12" width="600" /></a><br />
650 kWh PV in May becomes 1,070 kWh due to TOU; almost matching 1,160 used.</div>Clearly it’s not enough watts head to head. But with TOU boost, 650 kWh is like making 1,070 kWh off-peak and just short of running both building and the car together. It’s more complicated, given that some PV power comes off-peak, but of the 1,160 kWh needed, our building alone used 810 kWh or about 70% of total, and car consumed about 350 kWh after charging making up the other roughly 30%.<br />
<div class="PhotoLeft"><a href="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog3" target="_new"><img class="blogPhoto" src="https://www.teslamotors.com/display_data.php?data_name=wilder_blog3" width="400" /></a><br />
EV used 279 kWh in month. Note 57 kWh of regen adds range.</div>Over a century ago, people who bought gassers learned that their fuel was toxic and flammable. They knew cars required many gears to compensate for the inefficiencies of internal combustion engines. They knew about the relentless frequency of oil changes, muffler replacements and engine repairs. All the same still holds true for gassers today, but the public simply assumes these things as the price of personal transportation.There are surely limits to EVs – but they are strikingly different. We rarely drive this wicked-fast & fun Roadster purely in range mode, so we often don’t get an EPA-rated 244-mile range, yet what we get is much more than we need.But that downside pales in comparison to a key point: The Roadster is available today and can travel at any reasonable speed and perform even better than comparable sports cars. It doesn’t need futuristic batteries -- what I like to characterize as “unobtainium” (great if it existed, but doesn’t). So the biggest barrier to widespread adoption is cost. But the costs are already coming down; the Model S has an anticipated base price of roughly half that of the Roadster.Now that we’ve experienced our PV+EV, we are looking forward to adding new methods of clean energy generation to our home – and new EVs to our fleet. We‘re through with slow gassers. Our cars going forward are going to be electric!Lastly we look forward to adding more clean energy that makes this very robustly a ‘solar-powered car’. One Off-peak electron at night has less value than one in midday and it’s that economic reality, that allows 6 kW of solar PV to meet all our demand. But if we say double production of renewable energy, then in physics too we’re making enough green electrons to power both building & car(s) in a straight 1:1 swap without TOU boost. Happily, adding PV or small wind isn’t technically challenging.BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-37940509000757856012011-07-24T11:19:00.000-10:002011-07-24T11:19:47.746-10:00Tesla Wins Deal With Toyota for EV Project<h1>Tesla Wins $100 Million Supply Deal With Toyota for RAV4 EV</h1><div id="story_meta"> <div class="q_style_button add_to_q" style="opacity: 1;">Q</div><cite class="byline"> By Alan Ohnsman - <span class="datestamp">Jul 20, 2011 4:15 PM ET <noscript>Wed Jul 20 20:15:33 GMT 2011</noscript></span> </cite> </div><div class="story_inline assets clearfix "> <div class="clearfix" id="story_tools_top_container"> <ul class="story_tools clearfix" id="story_tools_top"><li class="ilike"> <span></span></li>
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</ul></div></div><a class="web_ticker" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=TSLA:US" title="Get Quote">Tesla Motors Inc. (TSLA)</a>, maker of electric Roadster sports cars, said today it reached a three-year agreement with <a class="web_ticker" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=7203:JP" title="Get Quote">Toyota Motor Corp. (7203)</a> to supply powertrain equipment worth about $100 million. <br />
Toyota, which previously agreed to pay Tesla $60 million to develop lithium-ion batteries and motors for use in an all- electric RAV4 sport-utility vehicle, is paying the additional funds for packs and motors for the vehicle that goes into production next year, Tesla said in a regulatory filing. <br />
“Toyota has reasonable confidence Tesla is well-positioned within the battery-vehicle market,” said Alan Baum, principal of automotive consultant Baum & Associates in West Bloomfield, <a href="http://topics.bloomberg.com/michigan/">Michigan</a>. The $100 million “isn’t a huge amount for Toyota, so this allows them, with only modest downside risk, to participate in what Tesla is doing.” <br />
Toyota, the maker of the Prius, the world’s best-selling gasoline-electric hybrid, is planning next year to sell more electric-drive models, including a version of the Scion iQ subcompact and a plug-in version of the Prius that runs about 13 miles on battery power before the engine kicks in and the car starts running like a regular Prius. <br />
The automaker bought a 2.9 percent stake in Tesla last year, as part of a deal in which the startup, led by <a href="http://topics.bloomberg.com/elon-musk/">Elon Musk</a>, acquired a former Toyota-General Motors Corp. auto-assembly plant in Fremont, <a href="http://topics.bloomberg.com/california/">California</a>. <br />
<h2>Tesla’s Plans </h2>Tesla is to begin making its Model S electric sedan by mid-2012 at the factory, where it will also make the battery packs and motors for the Toyota model. The plant was shed by GM when it filed for bankruptcy in 2009 and is not part of the current General Motors Co. <br />
“This is just the next step as the relationship progresses,” said <a href="http://topics.bloomberg.com/mike-goss/">Mike Goss</a>, a spokesman for Toyota’s North American engineering and manufacturing unit. Toyota hasn’t decided the final production site for the electric RAV4, he said. The gasoline-powered RAV4 is built at Toyota’s Woodstock, Ontario plant. <br />
The supply agreement runs from 2012 through 2014, Tesla said. Khobi Brooklyn, a spokeswoman for <a href="http://topics.bloomberg.com/palo-alto/">Palo Alto</a>, California- based Tesla declined to provide additional details of the contract. <br />
Trading in Tesla shares was temporarily suspended prior to the filing. Tesla rose as much 9.1 percent. The company gained 80 cents, or 2.9 percent, to $28.69 in Nasdaq Stock Market Trading at 4 p.m. <a href="http://topics.bloomberg.com/new-york/">New York</a> time after earlier touching $30.44. Toyota’s American depositary receipts, representing two ordinary shares, gained 9 cents to $84.33 in New York. <br />
Tesla is scheduled to release second-quarter financial results on Aug. 3, according to the company’s <a href="http://ir.teslamotors.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=590720" rel="external" title="Open Web Site">website.</a> <br />
To contact the reporter on this story: Alan Ohnsman in <a href="http://topics.bloomberg.com/los-angeles/">Los Angeles</a> at <a href="mailto:aohnsman@bloomberg.net" title="Send E-mail">aohnsman@bloomberg.net</a> <br />
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Jamie Butters at <a href="mailto:jbutters@bloomberg.net" title="Send E-mail">jbutters@bloomberg.net</a>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-630183912104066452011-07-15T17:05:00.000-10:002011-07-15T17:05:15.065-10:00Minimizing Air Conditioner Usage for MPG Boost<div class="smallfont"> <strong>Minimizing A/C use</strong> </div><hr size="1" style="color: #eceae6;" /> <div id="post_message_250525"> I have had a rental car for the last two days. 2010 Chevy Malibu.<br />
<br />
At first, I hated the idea of driving this car. Compared to our 2008 Jetta, I just knew that this car was going to be crap.<br />
<br />
However, I am now eating my words.<br />
<br />
I am almost completely sold on this car for the simple fact that the A/C system is incredible.<br />
<br />
As an efficiency guru, I do my best to minimize A/C usage whenever possible. I do this by recirculating the air in the cabin and toggling the cooling function.<br />
<br />
Unfortunately, the Jetta's A/C is kind of crappy to begin with. Secondly, it seems as though the air maintains its coolness for only a short time before it's warm again (with A/C off and circulate on). This frustrates me to no end. It's almost as if the car is poorly sealed or something. <br />
<br />
I drove the malibu yesterday for about 30 minutes. With the air circulation on, I turned the A/C on for all of about 2 minutes when I first started driving. THE AIR REMAINED COOL FOR THE REMAINDER OF MY DRIVE. <br />
<br />
I guess I'd also attribute a bit of this to the fact that the dash board of the malibu is white/beige and the jetta is dark grey/black. In fact, the color of the Jetta itself is dark grey compared to the bright white of the malibu.<br />
<br />
I am so pissed at my Jetta. So utterly disappointed, especially considering that the car's gaskets aren't even old, it's a 2008.<br />
<br />
<br />
On an unrelated note, the malibu was also superior in that it is equipped with instant mpg readout on the instrument cluster. I found that the mpgs of the malibu were quite similar to that of the Jetta as well.</div><div id="post_message_250525"> </div><div id="post_message_250525"><iframe align="left" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?t=ecoautculart-20&o=1&p=8&l=bpl&asins=034099455X&fc1=000000&IS2=1&lt1=_blank&m=amazon&lc1=0000FF&bc1=000000&bg1=FFFFFF&f=ifr" style="height: 245px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 5px; width: 131px;"></iframe> </div>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4242279757356932147.post-77869735012869518252011-07-03T19:25:00.000-10:002011-07-03T19:25:33.761-10:00Freezer Breakfast Burritos<div class="MsoNormal" style="-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><span style="font-size: 130%;"><span class="fn"><b><i><span style="line-height: 115%;">Freezer Breakfast Burritos</span></i></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><span style="font-size: 100%;">from: </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 100%;"> <a href="http://busycooks.about.com/od/breakfastmaindishes/r/freezerburrito.htm">http://busycooks.about.com/od/breakfastmaindishes/r/freezerburrito.htm</a></span><span style="font-size: 100%;"> </span><span class="fn" style="font-size: 100%;"><b><i><span style="line-height: 115%;"></span></i></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 100%; line-height: 115%;">You can vary the additions to this recipe for breakfast burritos. Add onions or frozen hash brown potatoes, omit the salsa, try using different types of cheese or flavored tortillas. The possibilities are endless! </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: normal; margin-top: 0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana;">Prep Time: 25 minutes</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana;">Cook Time: </span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana;">15 minutes</span></b><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana;"></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: normal; margin: 0.25in 0in;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana;">Ingredients:</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 15.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 100%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: ";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 100%;">12 eggs</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 15.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 100%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: ";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 100%;">2 Tbsp. butter</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 15.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 100%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: ";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 100%;">1 lb. pork sausage, cooked and drained</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 15.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 100%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: ";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 100%;">1/2 cup chunky salsa</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 15.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 100%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: ";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 100%;">2 cups Cheddar or Pepper Jack cheese</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: normal; margin-left: 15.45pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 100%;"><span>·<span style="font-family: ";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 100%;">24 flour tortillas</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: normal; margin: 0.25in 0in;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana;">Preparation:</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 100%;">In large skillet, melt butter. Beat eggs in large bowl and add to skillet. Cook eggs in butter, stirring frequently, until scrambled and set. Add cooked sausage and salsa to egg mixture and mix gently. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: normal; margin: 0.25in 0in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 100%;">Warm tortillas as directed on package. Place about 1/2 cup egg and sausage mixture onto each tortilla and sprinkle with some cheese. Roll up each tortilla to make burritos, folding in the ends and rolling up. Place on parchment paper lined cookie sheets and freeze until solid. Then wrap individually and package in zip-lock freezer bags. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-moz-background-inline-policy: continuous; background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; line-height: normal; margin: 0.25in 0in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 100%;">When you're ready to eat, unwrap the burritos, wrap loosely in microwave safe paper towel and heat in the microwave on high power for 1-3 minutes until hot and cheese is melted. </span></div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 100%;">You can also thaw burritos in the refrigerator overnight, then wrap each in foil and bake at 350 degrees for 10-15 minutes until hot. The thawed burritos can also be deep fried for 3-5 minutes until golden brown and crisp. 24 burritos </span>BeetleDozierhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10307050732208899187noreply@blogger.com0